[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 31]
[Revised as of July 1, 2007]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR1065.110]

[Page 686-687]
 
                   TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
 
         CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
 
PART 1065_ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES--Table of Contents
 
                   Subpart B_Equipment Specifications
 
Sec.  1065.110  Work inputs and outputs, accessory work, and operator demand.

    (a) Work. Use good engineering judgment to simulate all engine work 
inputs and outputs as they typically would operate in use. Account for 
work inputs and outputs during an emission test by measuring them; or, 
if they are small, you may show by engineering analysis that 
disregarding them does not affect your ability to determine the net work 
output by more than 0.5% of the net reference work 
output over the test interval. Use equipment to simulate the specific 
types of work, as follows:
    (1) Shaft work. Use an engine dynamometer that is able to meet the 
cycle-validation criteria in Sec.  1065.514 over each applicable duty 
cycle.
    (i) You may use eddy-current and water-brake dynamometers for any 
testing that does not involve engine motoring, which is identified by 
negative torque commands in a reference duty cycle. See the standard 
setting part for reference duty cycles that are applicable to your 
engine.
    (ii) You may use alternating-current or direct-current motoring 
dynamometers for any type of testing.
    (iii) You may use one or more dynamometers.
    (2) Electrical work. Use one or more of the following to simulate 
electrical work:
    (i) Use storage batteries or capacitors that are of the type and 
capacity installed in use.
    (ii) Use motors, generators, and alternators that are of the type 
and capacity installed in use.
    (iii) Use a resistor load bank to simulate electrical loads.
    (3) Pump, compressor, and turbine work. Use pumps, compressors, and 
turbines that are of the type and capacity

[[Page 687]]

installed in use. Use working fluids that are of the same type and 
thermodynamic state as normal in-use operation.
    (b) Laboratory work inputs. You may supply any laboratory inputs of 
work to the engine. For example, you may supply electrical work to the 
engine to operate a fuel system, and as another example you may supply 
compressor work to the engine to actuate pneumatic valves. We may ask 
you to show by engineering analysis your accounting of laboratory work 
inputs to meet the criterion in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) Engine accessories. You must either install or account for the 
work of engine accessories required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the 
engine, circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment 
devices. Operate the engine with these accessories installed or 
accounted for during all testing operations, including mapping. If these 
accessories are not powered by the engine during a test, account for the 
work required to perform these functions from the total work used in 
brake-specific emission calculations. For air-cooled engines only, 
subtract externally powered fan work from total work. We may ask you to 
show by engineering analysis your accounting of engine accessories to 
meet the criterion in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (d) Engine starter. You may install a production-type starter.
    (e) Operator demand for shaft work. Command the operator demand and 
the dynamometer(s) to follow the prescribed duty cycle with set points 
for engine speed and torque at 5 Hz (or more frequently) for transient 
testing or 1 Hz (or more frequently) for steady-state testing. Use a 
mechanical or electronic input to control operator demand such that the 
engine is able to meet the validation criteria in Sec.  1065.514 over 
each applicable duty cycle. Record feedback values for engine speed and 
torque at 5 Hz or more frequently for evaluating performance relative to 
the cycle validation criteria. Using good engineering judgment, you may 
improve control of operator demand by altering on-engine speed and 
torque controls. However, if these changes result in unrepresentative 
testing, you must notify us and recommend other test procedures under 
Sec.  1065.10(c)(1).