[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 31]
[Revised as of July 1, 2007]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR1065.15]
[Page 680-682]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 1065_ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES--Table of Contents
Subpart A_Applicability and General Provisions
Sec. 1065.15 Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing.
This section outlines the procedures to test engines that are
subject to emission standards.
(a) In the standard-setting part, we set brake-specific emission
standards in g/(kW[middot]hr) (or g/(hp[middot]hr)), for the following
constituents:
(1) Total oxides of nitrogen, NOX.
(2) Hydrocarbons (HC), which may be expressed in the following ways:
(i) Total hydrocarbons, THC.
(ii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons, NMHC, which results from subtracting
methane (CH4) from THC.
(iii) Total hydrocarbon-equivalent, THCE, which results from
adjusting THC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
(iv) Nonmethane hydrocarbon-equivalent, NMHCE, which results from
adjusting NMHC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
(3) Particulate mass, PM.
(4) Carbon monoxide, CO.
(b) Note that some engines are not subject to standards for all the
emission constituents identified in paragraph (a) of this section.
[[Page 681]]
(c) We set brake-specific emission standards over test intervals, as
follows:
(1) Engine operation. Engine operation is specified over a test
interval. A test interval is the time over which an engine's total mass
of emissions and its total work are determined. Refer to the standard-
setting part for the specific test intervals that apply to each engine.
Testing may involve measuring emissions and work during the following
types of engine operation:
(i) Laboratory testing. Under this type of testing, you determine
brake-specific emissions for duty-cycle testing by using an engine
dynamometer in a laboratory. This typically consists of one or more test
intervals, each defined by a duty cycle, which is a sequence of speeds
and torques that an engine must follow. If the standard-setting part
allows it, you may also simulate field testing by running on an engine
dynamometer in a laboratory.
(ii) Field testing. This type of testing consists of normal in-use
engine operation while an engine is installed in a vehicle. The
standard-setting part specifies how test intervals are defined for field
testing.
(2) Constituent determination. Determine the total mass of each
constituent over a test interval by selecting from the following
methods:
(i) Continuous sampling. In continuous sampling, measure the
constituent's concentration continuously from raw or dilute exhaust.
Multiply this concentration by the continuous (raw or dilute) flow rate
at the emission sampling location to determine the constituent's flow
rate. Sum the constituent's flow rate continuously over the test
interval. This sum is the total mass of the emitted constituent.
(ii) Batch sampling. In batch sampling, continuously extract and
store a sample of raw or dilute exhaust for later measurement. Extract a
sample proportional to the raw or dilute exhaust flow rate. You may
extract and store a proportional sample of exhaust in an appropriate
container, such as a bag, and then measure HC, CO, and NOX
concentrations in the container after the test interval. You may deposit
PM from proportionally extracted exhaust onto an appropriate substrate,
such as a filter. In this case, divide the PM by the amount of filtered
exhaust to calculate the PM concentration. Multiply batch sampled
concentrations by the total (raw or dilute) flow from which it was
extracted during the test interval. This product is the total mass of
the emitted constituent.
(iii) Combined sampling. You may use continuous and batch sampling
simultaneously during a test interval, as follows:
(A) You may use continuous sampling for some constituents and batch
sampling for others.
(B) You may use continuous and batch sampling for a single
constituent, with one being a redundant measurement. See Sec. 1065.201
for more information on redundant measurements.
(3) Work determination. Determine work over a test interval by one
of the following methods:
(i) Speed and torque. For laboratory testing, synchronously multiply
speed and brake torque to calculate instantaneous values for engine
brake power. Sum engine brake power over a test interval to determine
total work.
(ii) Fuel consumed and brake-specific fuel consumption. Directly
measure fuel consumed or calculate it with chemical balances of the
fuel, intake air, and exhaust. To calculate fuel consumed by a chemical
balance, you must also measure either intake-air flow rate or exhaust
flow rate. Divide the fuel consumed during a test interval by the brake-
specific fuel consumption to determine work over the test interval. For
laboratory testing, calculate the brake-specific fuel consumption using
fuel consumed and speed and torque over a test interval. For field
testing, refer to the standard-setting part and Sec. 1065.915 for
selecting an appropriate value for brake-specific fuel consumption.
(d) Refer to Sec. 1065.650 for calculations to determine brake-
specific emissions.
(e) The following figure illustrates the allowed measurement
configurations described in this part 1065:
[[Page 682]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR13JY05.011
[[Page 683]]