[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 49, Volume 6]
[Revised as of October 1, 2007]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 49CFR571.208]
[Page 582-673]
TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION
OF TRANSPORTATION
PART 571_FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS--Table of Contents
Subpart B_Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
Sec. 571.208 Standard No. 208; Occupant crash protection.
S1. Scope. This standard specifies performance requirements for the
protection of vehicle occupants in crashes.
S2. Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce the number of
deaths of vehicle occupants, and the severity of injuries, by specifying
vehicle crashworthiness requirements in terms
[[Page 583]]
of forces and accelerations measured on anthropomorphic dummies in test
crashes, and by specifying equipment requirements for active and passive
restraint systems.
S3. Application. (a) This standard applies to passenger cars,
multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses. In addition, S9,
Pressure vessels and explosive devices, applies to vessels designed to
contain a pressurized fluid or gas, and to explosive devices, for use in
the above types of motor vehicles as part of a system designed to
provide protection to occupants in the event of a crash.
(b) Notwithstanding any language to the contrary, any vehicle
manufactured after March 19, 1997, and before September 1, 2006, that is
subject to a dynamic crash test requirement conducted with unbelted
dummies may meet the requirements specified in S5.1.2(a)(1),
S5.1.2(a)(2), or S13 instead of the applicable unbelted requirement,
unless the vehicle is certified to meet the requirements specified in
S14.5, S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25.
(c) For vehicles which are certified to meet the requirements
specified in S13 instead of the otherwise applicable dynamic crash test
requirement conducted with unbelted dummies, compliance with S13 shall,
for purposes of Standards No. 201, 203 and 209, be deemed as compliance
with the unbelted frontal barrier requirements of S5.1.2.
S4. General requirements.
S4.1 Passenger cars.
S4.1.1 Passenger cars manufactured from January 1, 1972, to August
31, 1973. Each passenger car manufactured from January 1, 1972, to
August 31, 1973, inclusive, shall meet the requirements of S4.1.1.1,
S4.1.1.2, or S4.1.1.3. A protection system that meets the requirements
of S4.1.1.1, or S4.1.1.2 may be installed at one or more designated
seating positions of a vehicle that otherwise meets the requirements of
S4.1.1.3.
S4.1.1.1 First option--complete passive protection system. The
vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5. by means
that require no action by vehicle occupants.
S4.1.1.2 Second option--lap belt protection system with belt
warning. The vehicle shall--
(a) At each designated seating position have a Type 1 seatbelt
assembly or a Type 2 seatbelt assembly with a detachable upper torso
portion that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard;
(b) At each front outboard designated seating position, have a seat
belt warning system that conforms to S7.3; and
(c) Meet the frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1, in a
perpendicular impact, with respect to anthropomorphic test devices in
each front outboard designated seating position restrained only by Type
1 seat belt assemblies.
S4.1.1.3 Third option--lap and shoulder belt protection system with
belt warning.
S4.1.1.3.1 Except for convertibles and open-body vehicles, the
vehicle shall--
(a) At each front outboard designated seating position have a Type 2
seatbelt assembly that conforms to Sec. 571.209 and S7.1 and S7.2 of
this standard, with either an integral or detachable upper torso
portion, and a seatbelt warning system that conforms to S7.3;
(b) At each designated seating position other than the front
outboard positions, have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly that
conforms to Sec. 571.209 and to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard; and
(c) When it perpendicularly impacts a fixed collision barrier, while
moving longitudinally forward at any speed up to and including 30
m.p.h., under the test conditions of S8.1 with anthropomorphic test
devices at each front outboard position restrained by Type 2 seatbelt
assemblies, experience no complete separation of any load-bearing
element of a seatbelt assembly or anchorage.
S4.1.1.3.2 Convertibles and open-body type vehicles shall at each
designated seating position have a Type 1 or Type 2 seatbelt assembly
that conforms to Sec. 571.209 and to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard,
and at each front outboard designated seating position have a seatbelt
warning system that conforms to S7.3.
S4.1.2 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1973,
and before September 1, 1986. Each passenger car manufactured on or
after September 1, 1973, and before September 1, 1986, shall
[[Page 584]]
meet the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2 or S4.1.2.3. A protection
system that meets the requirements of S4.1.2.1 or S4.1.2.2 may be
installed at one or more designated seating positions of a vehicle that
otherwise meets the requirements of S4.1.2.3.
S4.1.2.1 First option--frontal/angular automatic protection system.
The vehicle shall:
(a) At each front outboard designated seating position meet the
frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1 by means that require no
action by vehicle occupants;
(b) At the front center designated seating position and at each rear
designated seating position have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly
that conforms to Standard No. 209 and to S7.1 and S7.2; and
(c) Either. (1) Meet the lateral crash protection requirements of
S5.2 and the rollover crash protection requirements of S5.3 by means
that require no action by vehicle occupants; or
(2) At each front outboard designated seating position have a Type 1
or Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209 and S7.1
through S7.3, and that meets the requirements of S5.1 with front test
dummies as required by S5.1, restrained by the Type 1 or Type 2 seat
belt assembly (or the pelvic portion of any Type 2 seat belt assembly
which has a detachable upper torso belt) in addition to the means that
require no action by the vehicle occupant.
S4.1.2.2 Second option--head-on automatic protection system. The
vehicle shall--
(a) At each designated seating position have a Type 1 seat belt
assembly or Type 2 seat belt assembly with a detachable upper torso
portion that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
(b) At each front outboard designated seating position, meet the
frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1, in a perpendicular
impact, by means that require no action by vehicle occupants;
(c) At each front outboard designated seating position, meet the
frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1, in a perpendicular
impact, with a test device restrained by a Type 1 seat belt assembly;
and
(d) At each front outboard designated seating position, have a seat
belt warning system that conforms to S7.3.
S4.1.2.3 Third option--lap and shoulder belt protection system with
belt warning.
S4.1.2.3.1 Except for convertibles and open-body vehicles, the
vehicle shall--
(a) At each front outboard designated seating position have a seat
belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard, and a
seat belt warning system that conforms to S7.3. The belt assembly shall
be either a Type 2 seat belt assembly with a nondetachable shoulder belt
that conforms to Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209), or a Type 1 seat belt
assembly such that with a test device restrained by the assembly the
vehicle meets the frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1 in a
perpendicular impact.
(b) At any center front designated seating position, have a Type 1
or Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209 (Sec.
571.209) and to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard, and a seat belt warning
system that conforms to S7.3; and
(c) At each other designated seating position, have a Type 1 or Type
2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209)
and S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
S4.1.2.3.2 Convertibles and open-body type vehicles shall at each
designated seating position have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly
that conforms to Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209) and to S7.1 and S7.2
of this standard, and at each front designated seating position have a
seat belt warning system that conforms to S7.3.
S4.1.3 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1986,
and before September 1, 1989.
S4.1.3.1 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1986,
and before September 1, 1987.
S4.1.3.1.1 Subject to S4.1.3.1.2 and S4.1.3.4, each passenger car
manufactured on or after September 1, 1986, and before September 1,
1987, shall comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2 or
S4.1.2.3. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with this
standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have reason to
[[Page 585]]
know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not in conformity
with the requirement of this standard.
S4.1.3.1.2 Subject to S4.1.3.4 and S4.1.5, the amount of passenger
cars, specified in S4.1.3.1.1 complying with the requirements of
S4.1.2.1 shall be not less than 10 percent of:
(a) The average annual production of passenger cars manufactured on
or after September 1, 1983, and before September 1, 1986, by each
manufacturer, or
(b) The manufacturer's annual production of passenger cars during
the period specified in S4.1.3.1.1.
S4.1.3.1.3 A manufacturer may exclude convertibles which do not
comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, when it is calculating its
average annual production under S4.1.3.1.2(a) or its annual production
under S4.1.3.1.2(b).
S4.1.3.2 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1987,
and before September 1, 1988.
S4.1.3.2.1 Subject to S4.1.3.2.2 and S4.1.3.4, each passenger car
manufactured on or after September 1, 1987, and before September 1,
1988, shall comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2 or
S4.1.2.3. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with this
standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have reason to
know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not in conformity
with the requirement of this standard.
S4.1.3.2.2 Subject to S4.1.3.4 and S4.1.5, the amount of passenger
cars specified in S4.1.3.2.1 complying with the requirements of
S4.1.2.1. shall be not less than 25 percent of:
(a) The average annual production of passenger cars manufactured on
or after September 1, 1984, and before September 1, 1987, by each
manufacturer, or
(b) The manufacturer's annual production of passenger cars during
the period specified in S4.1.3.2.1.
S4.1.3.2.3 A manufacturer may exclude convertibles which do not
comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, when it is calculating its
average annual production under S4.1.3.2.2(a) or its annual production
under S4.1.3.2.2(b).
S4.1.3.3 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1988,
and before September 1, 1989.
S4.1.3.3.1 Subject to S4.1.3.3.2 and S4.1.3.4, each passenger car
manufactured on or after September 1, 1988, and before September 1,
1989, shall comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2 or
S4.1.2.3. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with this
standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have reason to
know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not in conformity
with the requirement of this standard.
S4.1.3.3.2 Subject to S4.1.3.4 and S4.1.5, the amount of passenger
cars specified in S4.1.3.3.1 complying with the requirements of S4.1.2.1
shall be not less than 40 percent of:
(a) The average annual production of passenger cars manufactured on
or after September 1, 1985, and before September 1, 1988, by each
manufacturer or
(b) The manufacturer's annual production of passenger cars during
the period specified in S4.1.3.3.1.
S4.1.3.3.3 A manufacturer may exclude convertibles which do not
comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, when it is calculating its
average annual production under S4.1.3.3.2(a) or its annual production
under S4.1.3.3.2(b).
S4.1.3.4 Calculation of complying passenger cars. (a) For the
purposes of calculating the numbers of cars manufactured under
S4.1.3.1.2, S4.1.3.2.2, or S4.1.3.3.2 to comply with S4.1.2.1:
(1) Each car whose driver's seating position complies with the
requirements of S4.1.2.1(a) by means not including any type of seat belt
and whose front right seating position will comply with the requirements
of S4.1.2.1(a) by any means is counted as 1.5 vehicles, and
(2) Each car whose driver's seating position complies with the
requirements of S4.1.2.1(a) by means not including any type of seat belt
and whose right front seat seating position is equipped with a manual
Type 2 seat belt is counted as one vehicle.
(b) For the purposes of complying with S4.1.3.1.2, a passenger car
may be counted if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, but before
September 1, 1986, and
(2) Complies with S4.1.2.1.
[[Page 586]]
(c) For the purposes of complying with S4.1.3.2.2, a passenger car
may be counted if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, but before
September 1, 1987,
(2) Complies with S4.1.2.1, and
(3) Is not counted toward compliance with S4.1.3.1.2
(d) For the purposes of complying with S4.1.3.3.2, a passenger car
may be counted if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, but before
September 1, 1988,
(2) Complies with S4.1.2.1, and
(3) Is not counted toward compliance with S4.1.3.1.2 or S4.1.3.2.2.
S4.1.3.5 Passenger cars produced by more than one manufacturer.
S4.1.3.5.1 For the purposes of calculating average annual production
of passenger cars for each manufacturer and the amount of passenger cars
manufactured by each manufacturer under S4.1.3.1.2, S4.1.3.2.2 or
S4.1.3.3.2, a passenger car produced by more than one manufacturer shall
be attributed to a single manufacturer as follows, subject to
S4.1.3.5.2:
(a) A passenger car which is imported shall be attributed to the
importer.
(b) A passenger car manufactured in the United States by more than
one manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be
attributed to the manufacturer which markets the vehicle.
S4.1.3.5.2 A passenger car produced by more than one manufacturer
shall be attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified
by an express written contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration under 49 CFR part 585, between the manufacturer so
specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle would otherwise be
attributed under S4.1.3.5.1.
S4.1.4 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1989,
but before September 1, 1996.
S4.1.4.1 Except as provided in S4.1.4.2, each passenger car
manufactured on or after September 1, 1989 shall comply with the
requirements of S4.1.2.1. Any passenger car manufactured on or after
September 1, 1989 and before September 1, 1993 whose driver's designated
seating position complies with the requirements of S4.1.2.1(a) by means
not including any type of seat belt and whose right front designated
seating position is equipped with a manual Type 2 seat belt so that the
seating position complies with the occupant crash protection
requirements of S5.1, with the Type 2 seat belt assembly adjusted in
accordance with S7.4.2, shall be counted as a vehicle complying with
S4.1.2.1. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with this
standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not know in the
exercise of due care that such vehicle is not in conformity with this
standard.
S4.1.4.2 (a) Each passenger car, other than a convertible,
manufactured before December 11, 1989 may be equipped with, and each
passenger car, other than a convertible, manufactured on or after
December 11, 1989 and before September 1, 1990 shall be equipped with a
Type 2 seat belt assembly at every forward-facing rear outboard
designated seating position. Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed
pursuant to this provision shall comply with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR
571.209) and with S7.1.1 of this standard.
(b) Except as provided in S4.1.4.2.1 and S4.1.4.2.2, each passenger
car, other than a convertible, manufactured on or after September 1,
1990 and each convertible passenger car manufactured on or after
September 1, 1991 shall be equipped with an integral Type 2 seat belt
assembly at every forward-facing rear outboard designated seating
position. Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed in compliance with this
requirement shall comply with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with
S7.1 an S7.2 of this standard. If a Type 2 seat belt assembly installed
in compliance with this requirement incorporates any webbing tension-
relieving device, the vehicle owner's manual shall include the
information specified in S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the tension
relieving device, and the vehicle shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this
standard.
(c) As used in this section, ``rear outboard designated seating
position'' means any ``outboard designated seating position'' (as that
term is defined at 49 CFR 571.3) that is rearward of the front seat(s),
except any designated
[[Page 587]]
seating position adjacent to a walkway that is located between the seat
and the near side of the vehicle and is designed to allow access to more
rearward seating positions.
S4.1.4.2.1 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a seat
that can be adjusted to be forward-facing and to face some other
direction shall either:
(i) Meet the requirements of S4.1.4.2 with the seat in any position
in which it can be occupied while the vehicle is in motion; or
(ii) When the seat is in its forward-facing position, have a Type 2
seat belt assembly with an upper torso restraint that conforms to S7.1
and S7.2 of this standard and that adjusts by means of an emergency
locking retractor that conforms with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209),
which upper torso restraint may be detachable at the buckle, and, when
the seat is in any position in which it can be occupied while the
vehicle is in motion, have a Type 1 seat belt or the pelvic portion of a
Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this
standard.
S4.1.4.2.2 Any rear outboard designated seating position on a
readily removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily removed
and replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for that purpose) in
a vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 1992 shall meet the
requirements of S4.1.4.2 and may use an upper torso belt that detaches
at either its upper or lower anchorage points, but not both anchorage
points, to meet those requirements. The means for detaching the upper
torso belt may use a pushbutton action.
S4.1.5 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1996.
S4.1.5.1 Frontal/angular automatic protection system. (a) Each
passenger car manufactured on or after September 1, 1996 shall:
(1) At each front outboard designated seating position meet the
frontal crash protection requirements of S5.1 by means that require no
action by vehicle occupants;
(2) At any front designated seating positions that are not
``outboard designated seating positions,'' as that term is defined at 49
CFR 571.3, and at any rear designated seating positions that are not
``rear outboard designated seating positions,'' as that term is defined
at S4.1.4.2(c) of this standard, have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt
assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209 and S7.1 and S7.2 of this
standard; and
(3) At each front designated seating position that is an ``outboard
designated seating position,'' as that term is defined at 49 CFR 571.3,
and at each forward-facing rear designated seating position that is a
``rear outboard designated seating positions,'' as that term is defined
at S4.1.4.2(c) of this standard, have a Type 2 seat belt assembly that
conforms to Standard No. 209 and S7.1 through S7.3 of this standard,
and, in the case of the Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed at the
front outboard designated seating positions, meet the frontal crash
protection requirements with the appropriate anthropomorphic test dummy
restrained by the Type 2 seat belt assembly in addition to the means
that requires no action by the vehicle occupant.
(b) For the purposes of sections S4.1.5 through S4.1.5.3 and S4.2.6
through S4.2.6.2 of this standard, an inflatable restraint system means
an air bag that is activated in a crash.
S4.1.5.2 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1996
and before September 1, 1997.
S4.1.5.2.1 The amount of passenger cars complying with the
requirement of S4.1.5.1(a)(1) by means of an inflatable restraint system
at the driver's and right front passenger's position shall be not less
than 95 percent of the manufacturer's total production of passenger cars
manufactured on or after September 1, 1996, and before September 1,
1997. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with this
standard if its manufacturer establishes that it did not have reason to
know in the exercise of due care that such vehicle is not in conformity
with the requirement of this standard.
S4.1.5.2.2 Passenger cars produced by more than one manufacturer.
S4.1.5.2.2.1 For the purpose of calculating the production of
passenger cars by each manufacturer during the period specified in
S4.1.5.2, a passenger
[[Page 588]]
car produced by more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to a
single manufacturer as follows, subject to S4.1.5.2.2.2:
(a) A passenger car that is imported into the United States shall be
attributed to the importer.
(b) A passenger car manufactured within the United States by more
than one manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be
attributed to the manufacturer that markets the vehicle.
S4.1.5.2.2.2 A passenger car produced by more than one manufacturer
shall be attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers, as
specified in an express written contract, reported to the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration pursuant to part 585 of this
chapter, between the manufacturer so specified and the manufacturer to
which the vehicle otherwise would be attributed, pursuant to
S4.1.5.2.2.1.
S4.1.5.3 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 1997.
Each passenger car manufactured on or after September 1, 1997 shall
comply with the requirement of S4.1.5.1(a)(1) by means of an inflatable
restraint system at the driver's and right front passenger's position. A
vehicle shall not be deemed to be in noncompliance with this standard if
its manufacturer establishes that it did not have reason to know in the
exercise of due care that such vehicle is not in conformity with the
requirement of this standard.
S4.1.5.4 Passenger cars certified to S14. Each passenger car
certified to S14 shall, at each front outboard designated seating
position, meet the applicable frontal crash protection requirements of
S5.1.2(b) by means of an inflatable restraint system that requires no
action by vehicle occupants.
S4.1.5.5 Passenger cars manufactured on or after September 1, 2007.
S4.1.5.5.1 Except as provided in S4.1.5.5.2, each passenger car
shall have a Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Standard No. 209
and to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard at each rear designated seating
position, except that side-facing designated seating positions shall
have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Standard No.
209 and to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
S4.1.5.5.2 Any inboard designated seating position on a seat for
which the entire seat back can be folded (including the head restraints
and any other part of the vehicle attached to the seat back) such that
no part of the seat back extends above a horizontal plane located 250 mm
above the highest SRP located on the seat may meet the requirements of
S4.1.5.5.1 by use of a belt incorporating a release mechanism that
detaches both the lap and shoulder portion at either the upper or lower
anchorage point, but not both. The means of detachment shall be a key or
key-like object.
S4.2 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
10,000 pounds or less. As used in this section, vehicles manufactured
for operation by persons with disabilities means vehicles that
incorporate a level change device (e.g., a wheelchair lift or a ramp)
for onloading or offloading an occupant in a wheelchair, an interior
element of design intended to provide the vertical clearance necessary
to permit a person in a wheelchair to move between the lift or ramp and
the driver's position or to occupy that position, and either an adaptive
control or special driver seating accommodation to enable persons who
have limited use of their arms or legs to operate a vehicle. For
purposes of this definition, special driver seating accommodations
include a driver's seat easily removable with means installed for that
purpose or with simple tools, or a driver's seat with extended
adjustment capability to allow a person to easily transfer from a
wheelchair to the driver's seat.
S4.2.1 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
10,000 pounds or less, manufactured on or after January 1, 1976 and
before September 1, 1991. Each truck and multipurpose passenger vehicle,
with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less,
manufactured before September 1, 1991, shall meet the requirements of
S4.1.2.1, or at the option of the manufacturer, S4.1.2.2 or S4.1.2.3 (as
specified for passenger cars), except that forward control vehicles
manufactured prior to September 1, 1981, convertibles, open-body type
vehicles, walk-in van-type trucks, motor homes, vehicles designed
[[Page 589]]
to be exclusively sold to the U.S. Postal Service, and vehicles carrying
chassis-mount campers may instead meet the requirements of S4.2.1.1 or
S4.2.1.2.
S4.2.1.1 First option--complete automatic protection system. The
vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5 by means that
require no action by vehicle occupants.
S4.2.1.2 Second option--belt system. The vehicle shall have seat
belt assemblies that conform to Standard 209 (49 CFR 571.209) installed
as follows:
(a) A Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly shall be installed for
each designated seating position in convertibles, open-body type
vehicles, and walk-in van-type trucks.
(b) In vehicles manufactured for operation by persons with
disabilities, a Type 2 or Type 2A seat belt assembly shall be installed
for the driver's seating position, a Type 2 seat belt assembly shall be
installed for each other outboard designated seating position that
includes the windshield header within the head impact area, and a Type 1
or Type 2 seat belt assembly shall be installed for each other
designated seating position.
(c) In all vehicles except those for which requirements are
specified in S4.2.1.2 (a) or (b), a Type 2 seat belt assembly shall be
installed for each outboard designated seating position that includes
the windshield header within the head impact area, and a Type 1 or Type
2 seat belt assembly shall be installed for each other designated
seating position.
S4.2.2 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or
less, manufactured on or after September 1, 1991 and before September 1,
1997. Except as provided in S4.2.4, each truck and multipurpose
passenger vehicle, with a gross vehicle weight rating of 8,500 pounds or
less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less,
manufactured on or after September 1, 1991 and before September 1, 1997,
shall meet the requirements of S4.1.2.1, or at the option of the
manufacturer, S4.1.2.2 or S4.1.2.3 (as specified for passenger cars),
except that convertibles, open-body type vehicles, walk-in van-type
trucks, motor homes, vehicles designed to be exclusively sold to the
U.S. Postal Service, vehicles carrying chassis-mount campers, and
vehicles manufactured for operation by persons with disabilities may
instead meet the requirements of S4.2.1.1 or S4.2.1.2. Each Type 2 seat
belt assembly installed in a front outboard designated seating position
in accordance with S4.1.2.3 shall meet the requirements of S4.6.
S4.2.3 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles manufactured on or
after September 1, 1991 with either a GVWR or more than 8,500 pounds but
not greater than 10,000 pounds or with an unloaded vehicle weight
greater than 5,500 pounds and a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less. Except as
provided in S4.2.4, each truck and multipurpose passenger vehicle
manufactured on or after September 1, 1991, that has either a gross
vehicle weight rating which is greater than 8,500 pounds, but not
greater than 10,000 pounds, or has an unloaded vehicle weight greater
than 5,500 pounds and a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less, shall meet the
requirements of S4.1.2.1, or at the option of the manufacturer, S4.1.2.2
or S4.1.2.3 (as specified for passenger cars), except that convertibles,
open-body type vehicles, walk-in van-type trucks, motor homes, vehicles
designed to be exclusively sold to the U.S. Postal Service, and vehicles
carrying chassis-mount campers may instead meet the requirements of
S4.2.1.1 or S4.2.1.2.
S4.2.4 Rear outboard seating positions in trucks and multipurpose
passenger vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 1991 with a
GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less. Except as provided in S4.2.4.2 and
S4.2.4.3, each truck and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, other than
a motor home, manufactured on or after September 1, 1991 that has a
gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less shall be equipped
with an integral Type 2 seat belt assembly at every forward-facing rear
outboard designated seating position. Type 2 seat belt assemblies
installed in compliance with this requirement shall comply with Standard
No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard. If a
Type 2 seat belt assembly installed in compliance with this requirement
incorporates any webbing tension-relieving device, the vehicle owner's
manual
[[Page 590]]
shall include the information specified in S7.4.2(b) of this standard
for the tension relieving device, and the vehicle shall comply with
S7.4.2(c) of this standard.
S4.2.4.1 As used in this section--
(a) [Reserved]
(b) Rear outboard designated seating position means any ``outboard
designated seating position'' (as that term is defined at 49 CFR 571.3)
that is rearward of the front seat(s), except any designated seating
positions adjacent to a walkway located between the seat and the side of
the vehicle, which walkway is designed to allow access to more rearward
seating positions.
S4.2.4.2 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a seat
that can be adjusted to be forward-facing and to face some other
direction shall either:
(i) Meet the requirements of S4.2.4 with the seat in any position in
which it can be occupied while the vehicle is in motion; or
(ii) When the seat is in its forward-facing position, have a Type 2
seat belt assembly with an upper torso restraint that conforms to S7.1
and S7.2 of this standard and that adjusts by means of an emergency
locking retractor that conforms with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209),
which upper torso restraint may be detachable at the buckle, and, when
the seat is in any position in which it can be occupied while the
vehicle is in motion, have a Type 1 seat belt or the pelvic portion of a
Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this
standard.
S4.2.4.3 Any rear outboard designated seating position on a readily
removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily removed and
replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for that purpose) in a
vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 1992 shall meet the
requirements of S4.2.4 and may use an upper torso belt that detaches at
either its upper or lower anchorage point, but not both anchorage
points, to meet those requirements. The means for detaching the upper
torso belt may use a pushbutton action.
S4.2.5 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1994, and before
September 1, 1997.
S4.2.5.1 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1994, and before
September 1, 1995.
S4.2.5.1.1 Subject to S4.2.5.1.2 and S4.2.5.5 and except as provided
in S4.2.4, each truck, bus and multipurpose passenger vehicle, other
than walk-in van-type trucks, vehicles designed to be exclusively sold
to the U.S. Postal Service, and vehicles manufactured for operation by
persons with disabilities, with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an
unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less that is manufactured on
or after September 1, 1994 and before September 1, 1995, shall comply
with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2, or S4.1.2.3 (as specified
for passenger cars). A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in
noncompliance with this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it
did not have reason to know in the exercise of due care that such
vehicle is not in conformity with the requirement of standard.
S4.2.5.1.2 Subject to S4.2.5.5, the amount of trucks, buses, and
multipurpose passenger vehicles specified in S4.2.5.1.1 complying with
S4.1.2.1 (as specified for passenger cars) shall be not less than 20
percent of:
(a) The average annual production of trucks, buses, and multipurpose
passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded
vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less manufactured on or after
September 1, 1991, and before September 1, 1994, by each manufacturer
that produced such vehicles during each of those annual production
periods, or
(b) The manufacturer's total production of trucks, buses, and
multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and
an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less during the period
specified in S4.2.5.1.1.
S4.2.5.2 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1995 and before
September 1, 1996.
[[Page 591]]
S4.2.5.2.1 Subject to S4.2.5.2.2 and S4.2.5.5 and except as provided
in S4.2.4, each truck, bus, and multipurpose passenger vehicle, other
than walk-in van-type trucks, vehicles designed to be exclusively sold
to the U.S. Postal Service, and vehicles manufactured for operation by
persons with disabilities, with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an
unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less that is manufactured on
or after September 1, 1995 and before September 1, 1996, shall comply
with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2, or S4.1.2.3 (as specified
for passenger cars). A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in
noncompliance with this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it
did not have reason to know in the exercise of due care that such
vehicle is not in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
S4.2.5.2.2 Subject to S4.2.5.5, the amount of trucks, buses, and
multipurpose passenger vehicles specified in S4.2.5.2.1 complying with
S4.1.2.1 (as specified for passenger cars) shall be not less than 50
percent of:
(a) The average annual production of trucks, buses, and multipurpose
passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded
vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less manufactured on or after
September 1, 1992, and before September 1, 1995, by each manufacturer
that produced such vehicles during each of those annual production
periods, or
(b) The manufacturer's total production of trucks, buses, and
multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and
an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less during the period
specified in S4.2.5.2.1.
S4.2.5.3 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1996 and before
September 1, 1997.
S4.2.5.3.1 Subject to S4.2.5.3.2 and S4.2.5.5 and except as provided
in S4.2.4, each truck, bus, and multipurpose passenger vehicle, other
than walk-in van-type trucks, vehicles designed to be exclusively sold
to the U.S. Postal Service, and vehicles manufactured for operation by
persons with disabilities, with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an
unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less that is manufactured on
or after September 1, 1996 and before September 1, 1997, shall comply
with the requirements of S4.1.2.1, S4.1.2.2, or S4.1.2.3 (as specified
for passenger cars). A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in
noncompliance with this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it
did not have reason to know in the exercise of due care that such
vehicle is not in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
S4.2.5.3.2 Subject to S4.2.5.5, the amount of trucks, buses, and
multipurpose passenger vehicles specified in S4.2.5.3.1 complying with
S4.1.2.1 (as specified for passenger cars) shall be not less than 90
percent of:
(a) The average annual production of trucks, buses, and multipurpose
passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded
vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less manufactured on or after
September 1, 1993, and before September 1, 1996, by each manufacturer
that produced such vehicles during each of those annual production
periods, or
(b) The manufacturer's total production of trucks, buses, and
multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and
an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less during the period
specified in S4.2.5.3.1.
S4.2.5.4 Alternative phase-in schedule. A manufacturer may, at its
option, comply with the requirements of this section instead of
complying with the requirements set forth in S4.2.5.1, S4.2.5.2, and
S4.2.5.3.
(a) Except as provided in S4.2.4, each truck, bus, and multipurpose
passenger vehicle, other than walk-in van-type trucks, vehicles designed
to be exclusively sold to the U.S. Postal Service, and vehicles
manufactured for operation by persons with disabilities, with a GVWR of
8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or
less that is manufactured on or after September 1, 1994 and before
September 1, 1995 shall comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1,
S4.1.2.2, or S4.1.2.3 (as specified for passenger cars).
(b) Except as provided in S4.2.4, each truck, bus, and multipurpose
passenger vehicle, other than walk-in van-tape
[[Page 592]]
trucks, vehicles designed to be exclusively sold to the U.S. Postal
Service, and vehicles manufactured for operation by persons with
disabilities, with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded
vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less that is manufactured on or after
September 1, 1995 shall comply with the requirements of S4.1.2.1 (as
specified for passenger cars) of this standard. A vehicle shall not be
deemed to be in noncompliance with this standard if its manufacturer
establishes that it did not have reason to know in the exercise of due
care that such vehicle is not in conformity with the requirement of this
standard.
(c) Each truck, bus, and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR
of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds
or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1995, but before September
1, 1998, whose driver's seating position complies with the requirements
of S4.1.2.1(a) of this standard by means not including any type of seat
belt and whose right front passenger's seating position is equipped with
a manual Type 2 seat belt that complies with S5.1 of this standard, with
the seat belt assembly adjusted in accordance with S7.4.2, shall be
counted as a vehicle complying with S4.1.2.1.
S4.2.5.5 Calculation of complying trucks, buses, and multipurpose
passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded
vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less.
(a) For the purposes of the calculations required in S4.2.5.1.2,
S4.2.5.2.2, and S4.2.5.3.2 of the number of trucks, buses, and
multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and
an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less that comply with
S4.1.2.1 (as specified for passenger cars):
(1) Each truck, bus, and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR
of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds
or less whose driver's seating position complies with the requirements
of S4.1.2.1(a) by means not including any type of seat belt and whose
front right seating position complies with the requirements of
S4.1.2.1(a) by any means is counted as 1.5 vehicles, and
(2) Each truck, bus, and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR
of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds
or less whose driver's seating position complies with the requirements
of S4.1.2.1(a) by means not including any type of seat belt and whose
right front passenger's seating position is equipped with a manual Type
2 seat belt that complies with S5.1 of this standard, with the seat belt
assembly adjusted in accordance with S7.4.2, is counted as one vehicle.
(3) Each truck, bus, and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR
of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds
or less that is manufactured in two or more stages or that is altered
(within the meaning of Sec. 567.7 of this chapter) after having
previously been certified in accordance with part 567 of this chapter is
not subject to the requirements of S4.2.5.1.2, S4.2.5.2.2, and
S4.2.5.3.2. Such vehicles may be excluded from all calculations of
compliance with S4.2.5.1.2, S4.2.5.2.2, and S4.2.5.3.2.
(b) For the purposes of complying with S4.2.5.1.2, a truck, bus, or
multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and
an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less may be counted if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1992, but before
September 1, 1994, and
(2) Is certified as complying with S4.1.2.1 (as specified for
passenger cars).
(c) For the purposes of complying with S4.2.5.2.2, a truck, bus, or
multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and
an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less may be counted if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1992, but before
September 1, 1995,
(2) Is certified as complying with S4.1.2.1 (as specified for
passenger cars), and
(3) Is not counted toward compliance with S4.2.5.1.2.
(d) For the purposes of complying with S4.2.5.3.2, a truck, bus, or
multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and
an
[[Page 593]]
unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less may be counted if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 1992, but before
September 1, 1996,
(2) Is certified as complying with S4.1.2.1 (as specified for
passenger cars), and
(3) Is not counted toward compliance with S4.2.5.1.2 or S4.2.5.2.2.
S4.2.5.6 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less produced by more than one manufacturer.
S4.2.5.6.1 For the purposes of calculating average annual production
for each manufacturer and the amount of vehicles manufactured by each
manufacturer under S4.2.5.1.2, S4.2.5.2.2, or S4.2.5.3.2, a truck, bus,
or multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less
and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less produced by more
than one manufacturer shall be attributed to a single manufacturer as
follows, subject to S4.2.5.6.2:
(a) A vehicle that is imported shall be attributed to the importer.
(b) A vehicle that is manufactured in the United States by more than
one manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be
attributed to the manufacturer that markets the vehicle.
S4.2.5.6.2 A truck, bus, or multipurpose passenger vehicle with,
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less produced by more than one manufacturer shall be
attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified in an
express written contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration under 49 CFR part 585, between the manufacturer so
specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle would otherwise be
attributed under S4.2.5.6.1 of this standard.
S4.2.6 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1997. Each truck,
bus, and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or
less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less, which is
manufactured on or after September 1, 1997, shall comply with the
requirements of S4.1.5.1 of this standard (as specified for passenger
cars), except that walk-in van-type trucks and vehicles designed to be
sold exclusively to the U.S. Postal Service may meet the requirements of
S4.2.1.1 or S4.2.1.2 of this standard instead of the requirements of
S4.1.5.1.
S4.2.6.1 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1997 and before
September 1, 1998.
S4.2.6.1.1 The amount of trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger
vehicles complying with the requirements of S4.1.5.1(a)(1) of this
standard by means of an inflatable restraint system shall be not less
than 80 percent of the manufacturer's total combined production of
subject vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 1997 and before
September 1, 1998. Each truck, bus, or multipurpose passenger vehicle
with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of
5,500 pounds or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1997 and
before September 1, 1998, whose driver's seating position complies with
S4.1.5.1(a)(1) by means of an inflatable restraint system and whose
right front passenger's seating position is equipped with a manual Type
2 seat belt assembly that complies with S5.1 of this standard, with the
seat belt assembly adjusted in accordance with S7.4.2 of this standard,
shall be counted as a vehicle complying with S4.1.5.1(a)(1) by means of
an inflatable restraint system. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in
noncompliance with this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it
did not have reason to know in the exercise of due care that such
vehicle is not in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
S4.2.6.1.2 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less produced by more than one manufacturer.
S4.2.6.1.2.1 For the purpose of calculating the production by each
manufacturer during the period specified in S4.2.6.1.1, a truck, bus, or
multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and
an unloaded vehicle
[[Page 594]]
weight of 5,500 pounds or less produced by more than one manufacturer
shall be attributed to a single manufacturer as follows, subject to
S4.2.6.1.2.2:
(a) A vehicle that is imported into the United States shall be
attributed to the importer.
(b) A vehicle manufactured within the United States by more than one
manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be attributed
to the manufacturer that markets the vehicle.
S4.2.6.1.2.2 A truck, bus, or multipurpose passenger vehicle
produced by more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to any one of
the vehicle's manufacturers, as specified in an express written
contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
pursuant to part 585 of this chapter, between the manufacturer so
specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle otherwise would be
attributed, pursuant to S4.2.6.1.2.1.
S4.2.6.2 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a
GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500
pounds or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1998. Each truck,
bus, or multipurpose vehicle with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an
unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less manufactured on or after
September 1, 1998 shall comply with the requirement of S4.1.5.1(a)(1) by
means of an inflatable restraint system at the driver's and right front
passenger's position. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in
noncompliance with this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it
did not have reason to know in the exercise of due care that such
vehicle is not in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
S4.2.6.3 Trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles
certified to S14. Each truck, bus, or multipurpose passenger vehicle
with a GVWR of 3,855 kg (8,500 lb) or less and an unloaded vehicle
weight of 2,495 kg (5,500 lb) or less certified to S14 shall, at each
front outboard designated seating position, meet the applicable frontal
crash protection requirements of S5.1.2(b) by means of an inflatable
restraint system that requires no action by vehicle occupants.
S4.2.7 Rear seating positions in trucks, and multipurpose passenger
vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2007 with a GVWR of
10,000 lbs. (4,536 kg) or less.
S4.2.7.1 Except as provided in S4.2.7.2, S4.2.7.3, S4.2.7.4,
S4.2.7.5, and S4.2.7.6, each truck and each multipurpose passenger
vehicle, other than a motor home, a walk-in van-type truck, or a vehicle
designed to be sold exclusively to the U.S. Postal Service with a GVWR
of 10,000 lbs. (4,536 kg) or less, or a vehicle carrying chassis-mount
camper with a gross vehicle weight rating of 8,500-10,000 lbs. (3,855-
4,536 kg), shall be equipped with a Type 2 seat belt assembly at every
rear designated seating position other than a side-facing position,
except that Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed in compliance with
this requirement shall conform to Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and
with S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard. If a Type 2 seat belt assembly
installed in conformity to this requirement incorporates any webbing
tension-relieving device, the vehicle owner's manual shall include the
information specified in S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the tension
relieving device, and the vehicle shall conform to S7.4.2(c) of this
standard. Side-facing designated seating positions shall be equipped, at
the manufacturer's option, with a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly
that conforms with S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard.
S4.2.7.2 Any rear designated seating position with a seat that can
be adjusted to be forward-or rear-facing and to face some other
direction shall either:
(a) Meet the requirements of S4.2.7.1 with the seat in any position
in which it can be occupied while the vehicle is in motion; or
(b) When the seat is in its forward-facing and/or rear-facing
position or within 30 degrees of either position,
have a Type 2 seat belt assembly with an upper torso restraint that
conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard and that adjusts by means of
an emergency locking retractor that conforms to Standard No. 209 (49 CFR
571.209), which upper torso restraint may be detachable at either the
buckle or the upper anchorage, but not both, and,
[[Page 595]]
when the seat is in any other position in which it can be occupied while
the vehicle is in motion, have a Type 1 seat belt or the pelvic portion
of a Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this
standard.
S4.2.7.3 Any rear designated seating position on a readily removable
seat (i.e., a seat designed to be easily removed and replaced by means
installed by the manufacturer for that purpose) may meet the
requirements of S4.2.7.1 by use of a belt incorporating a release
mechanism that detaches both the lap and shoulder portion at either the
upper or lower anchorage point, but not both. The means of detachment
shall be a key or key-like object.
S4.2.7.4 Any inboard designated seating position on a seat for which
the entire seat back can be folded such that no part of the seat back
extends above a horizontal plane located 250 mm above the highest SRP
located on the seat may meet the requirements of S4.2.7.1 by use of a
belt incorporating a release mechanism that detaches both the lap and
shoulder portion at either the upper or lower anchorage point, but not
both. The means of detachment shall be a key or key-like object.
S4.2.7.5 Any rear designated seating position adjacent to a walkway
located between the seat and the side of the vehicle, which walkway is
designed to allow access to more rearward designated seating positions
may meet the requirements of S4.2.7.1 by use of a belt incorporating a
release mechanism that detaches both the lap and shoulder portion at
either the upper or lower anchorage point, but not both. The means of
detachment shall be a key or key-like object.
S4.2.7.6 Any rear side-facing designated seating position shall have
a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of
this standard.
S4.3 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles, with GVWR of more
than 10,000 pounds.
S4.3.1 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
more than 10,000 pounds, manufactured in or after January 1, 1972 and
before September 1, 1990. Each truck and multipurpose passenger vehicle
with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than 10,000 pounds,
manufactured on or after January 1, 1972 and before September 1, 1990,
shall meet the requirements of S4.3.1.1 or S4.3.1.2. A protection system
that meets the requirements of S4.3.1.1 may be installed at one or more
designated seating positions of a vehicle that otherwise meets the
requirements of S4.3.1.2.
S4.3.1.1 First option--complete passenger protection system. The
vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5 by means that
require no action by vehicle occupants.
S4.3.1.2 Second option--belt system. The vehicle shall, at each
designated seating position, have either a Type 1 or a Type 2 seat belt
assembly that conforms to S571.209.
S4.3.2 Trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of
more than 10,000 pounds, manufactured on or after September 1, 1990.
Each truck and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a gross vehicle
weight rating of more than 10,000 pounds, manufactured on or after
September 1, 1990, shall meet the requirements of S4.3.2.1 or S4.3.2.2.
A protection system that meets the requirements of S4.3.2.1 may be
installed at one or more designated seating positions of a vehicle that
otherwise meets the requirements of S4.3.2.2.
S4.3.2.1 First option--complete passenger protection system. The
vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5 by means that
require no action by vehicle occupants.
S4.3.2.2 Second option--belt system. The vehicle shall, at each
designated seating position, have either a Type 1 or a Type 2 seat belt
assembly that conforms to Sec. 571.209 of this part and S7.2 of this
Standard. A Type 1 belt assembly or the pelvic portion of a dual
retractor Type 2 belt assembly installed at a front outboard seating
position shall include either an emergency locking retractor or an
automatic locking retractor. If a seat belt assembly installed at a
front outboard seating position includes an automatic locking retractor
for the lap belt or the lap belt portion, that seat belt assembly shall
comply with the following:
(a) An automatic locking retractor used at a front outboard seating
position that has some type of suspension system for the seat shall be
attached to
[[Page 596]]
the seat structure that moves as the suspension system functions.
(b) The lap belt or lap belt portion of a seat belt assembly
equipped with an automatic locking retractor that is installed at a
front outboard seating position must allow at least \3/4\ inch, but less
than 3 inches, of webbing movement before retracting webbing to the next
locking position.
(c) Compliance with S4.3.2.2(b) of this standard is determined as
follows:
(1) The seat belt assembly is buckled and the retractor end of the
seat belt assembly is anchored to a horizontal surface. The webbing for
the lap belt or lap belt portion of the seat belt assembly is extended
to 75 percent of its length and the retractor is locked after the
initial adjustment.
(2) A load of 20 pounds is applied to the free end of the lap belt
or the lap belt portion of the belt assembly (i.e., the end that is not
anchored to the horizontal surface) in the direction away from the
retractor. The position of the free end of the belt assembly is
recorded.
(3) Within a 30 second period, the 20 pound load is slowly
decreased, until the retractor moves to the next locking position. The
position of the free end of the belt assembly is recorded again.
(4) The difference between the two positions recorded for the free
end of the belt assembly shall be at least \3/4\ inch but less than 3
inches.
S4.4 Buses.
S4.4.1 Buses manufactured on or after January 1, 1972 and before
September 1, 1990. Each bus manufactured on or after January 1, 1972 and
before September 1, 1990, shall meet the requirements of S4.4.1.1 or
S4.4.1.2.
S4.4.1.1 First option--complete passenger protection system--driver
only. The vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5,
with respect to an anthropomorphic test dummy in the driver's designated
seating position, by means that require no action by vehicle occupants.
S4.4.1.2 Second option--belt system--driver only. The vehicle shall,
at the driver's designated seating position, have either a Type 1 or a
Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S571.209.
S4.4.2 Buses manufactured on or after September 1, 1990. Each bus
manufactured on or after September 1, 1990, shall meet the requirements
of S4.4.2.1 or S4.4.2.2.
S4.4.2.1 First option--complete passenger protection system--driver
only. The vehicle shall meet the crash protection requirements of S5,
with respect to an anthropomorphic test dummy in the driver's designated
seating position, by means that require no action by vehicle occupants.
S4.4.2.2 Second option--belt system--driver only. The vehicle shall,
at the driver's designated seating position, have either a Type 1 or a
Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to Sec. 571.209 of this part
and S7.2 of this Standard. A Type 1 belt assembly or the pelvic portion
of a dual retractor Type 2 belt assembly installed at the driver's
seating position shall include either an emergency locking retractor or
an automatic locking retractor. If a seat belt assembly installed at the
driver's seating position includes an automatic locking retractor for
the lap belt or the lap belt portion, that seat belt assembly shall
comply with the following:
(a) An automatic locking retractor used at a driver's seating
position that has some type of suspension system for the seat shall be
attached to the seat structure that moves as the suspension system
functions.
(b) The lap belt or lap belt portion of a seat belt assembly
equipped with an automatic locking retractor that is installed at the
driver's seating position must allow at least \3/4\ inch, but less than
3 inches, of webbing movement before retracting webbing to the next
locking position.
(c) Compliance with S4.4.2.2(b) of this standard is determined as
follows:
(1) The seat belt assembly is buckled and the retractor end of the
seat belt assembly is anchored to a horizontal surface. The webbing for
the lap belt or lap belt portion of the seat belt assembly is extended
to 75 percent of its length and the retractor is locked after the
initial adjustment.
(2) A load of 20 pounds is applied to the free end of the lap belt
or the lap belt portion of the belt assembly (i.e., the end that is not
anchored to the horizontal surface) in the direction away
[[Page 597]]
from the retractor. The position of the free end of the belt assembly is
recorded.
(3) Within a 30 second period, the 20 pound load is slowly
decreased, until the retractor moves to the next locking position. The
position of the free end of the belt assembly is recorded again.
(4) The difference between the two positions recorded for the free
end of the belt assembly shall be at least \3/4\ inch but less than 3
inches.
S4.4.3 Buses manufactured on or after September 1, 1991.
S4.4.3.1 Each bus with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than
10,000 pounds shall comply with the requirements S4.4.2.1 or S4.4.2.2.
S4.4.3.2 Except as provided in S4.4.3.2.2 and S4.4.3.2.3, each bus
with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less, except a
school bus, shall be equipped with an integral Type 2 seat belt assembly
at the driver's designated seating position and at the front and every
rear forward-facing outboard designated seating position, and with a
Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly at all other designated seating
positions. Type 2 seat belt asemblies installed in compliance with this
requirement shall comply with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with
S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard. If a Type 2 seat belt assembly installed
in compliance with this requirement incorporates any webbing tension-
relieving device, the vehicle owner's manual shall include the
information specified in S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the tension
relieving device, and the vehicle shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this
standard.
S4.4.3.2.1 As used in this section, a ``rear outboard designated
position'' means any ``outboard designated seating position'' (as that
term is defined at 49 CFR 571.3) that is rearward of the front seat(s),
except any designated seating positions adjacent to a walkway located
between the seat and the side of the vehicle, which walkway is designed
to allow access to more rearward seating positions.
S4.4.3.2.2 Any rear outboard designated seating position with a seat
that can be adjusted to be forward-facing and to face some other
direction shall either:
(i) Meet the requirements of S4.4.3.2 with the seat in any position
in which it can be occupied while the vehicle is in motion; or
(ii) When the seat is in its forward-facing position, have a Type 2
seat belt assembly with an upper torso restraint that conforms to S7.1
and S7.2 of this standard and that adjusts by means of an emergency
locking retractor that conforms with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209),
which upper torso restraint may be detachable at the buckle, and, when
the seat is in any position in which it can be occupied while the
vehicle is in motion, have a Type 1 seat belt or the pelvic portion of a
Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this
standard.
S4.4.3.2.3 Any rear outboard designated seating position on a
readily removable seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily removed
and replaced by means installed by the manufacturer for that purpose) in
a vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 1992 shall meet the
requirements of S4.4.3.2 and may use an upper torso belt that detaches
at either its upper or lower anchorage point, but not both anchorage
points, to meet those requirements. The means for detaching the upper
torso belt may use a pushbutton action.
S4.4.3.3 Each school bus with a gross vehicle weight rating of
10,000 pounds or less shall be equipped with an integral Type 2 seat
belt assembly at the driver's designated seating position and at the
right front passenger's designated seating position (if any), and with a
Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly at all other designated seating
positions. Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed in compliance with this
requirement shall comply with Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with
S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard. The lap belt portion of a Type 2 seat
belt assembly installed at the driver's designated seating position and
at the right front passenger's designated seating position (if any)
shall include either an emergency locking retractor or an automatic
locking retractor, which retractor shall not retract webbing to the next
locking position until at least \3/4\
[[Page 598]]
inch of webbing has moved into the retractor. In determining whether an
automatic locking retractor complies with this requirement, the webbing
is extended to 75 percent of its length and the retractor is locked
after the initial adjustment. If a Type 2 seat belt assembly installed
in compliance with this requirement incorporates any webbing tension-
relieving device, the vehicle owner's manual shall include the
information specified in S7.4.2(b) of this standard for the tension-
relieving device, and the vehicle shall comply with S7.4.2(c) of this
standard.
S4.4.4 Buses with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded
vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less manufactured on or after
September 1, 1994. Each bus with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less and an
unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds or less manufactured on or after
September 1, 1984 shall comply with the requirements of S4.2.5 and
S4.2.6 of this standard, as applicable, for front seating positions, and
with the requirements of S4.4.3.2 or S4.4.3.3 of this standard, as
applicable, for all rear seating positions.
S4.4.5 Buses with a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. (4,536 kg) or less
manufactured on or after September 1, 2007.
S4.4.5.1 Except as provided in S4.4.5.2, S4.4.5.3, S4.4.5.4,
S4.4.5.5 and S4.4.5.6 each bus with a gross vehicle weight rating of
10,000 lbs. (4,536 kg) or less shall be equipped with a Type 2 seat belt
assembly at every designated seating position other than a side-facing
position. Type 2 seat belt assemblies installed in compliance with this
requirement shall conform to Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209) and with
S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard. If a Type 2 seat belt assembly installed
in compliance with this requirement incorporates a webbing tension
relieving device, the vehicle owner's manual shall include the
information specified in S7.3.1(b) of this standard for the tension
relieving device, and the vehicle shall conform to S7.4.2(c) of this
standard. Side-facing designated seating positions shall be equipped, at
the manufacturer's option, with a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly.
S4.4.5.2 Any rear designated seating position with a seat that can
be adjusted to be forward- or rear-facing and to face some other
direction shall either:
(a) Meet the requirements of S4.4.5.1 with the seat in any position
in which it can be occupied while the vehicle is in motion; or
(b) (1) When the seat is in its forward-facing and/or rear-facing
position, or within 30 degrees of either position,
have a Type 2 seat belt assembly with an upper torso restraint that
(i) Conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of this standard,
(ii) Adjusts by means of an emergency locking retractor conforming
to Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209), and
(iii) May be detachable at the buckle or upper anchorage, but not
both, and
(2) When the seat is in any position in which it can be occupied
while the vehicle is in motion, have a Type 1 seat belt or the pelvic
portion of a Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of
this standard.
S4.4.5.3 Any rear designated seating position on a readily removable
seat (that is, a seat designed to be easily removed and replaced by
means installed by the manufacturer for that purpose) may meet the
requirements of S4.4.5.1 by use of a belt incorporating a release
mechanism that detaches both the lap and shoulder portion at either the
upper or lower anchorage point, but not both. The means of detachment
shall be a key or key-like object.
S4.4.5.4 Any inboard designated seating position on a seat for which
the entire seat back can be folded such that no part of the seat back
extends above a horizontal plane located 250 mm above the highest SRP
located on the seat may meet the requirements of S4.4.5.1 by use of a
belt incorporating a release mechanism that detaches both the lap and
shoulder portion at either the upper or lower anchorage point, but not
both. The means of detachment shall be a key or key-like object.
S4.4.5.5 Any rear designated seating position adjacent to a walkway
located between the seat, which walkway is designed to allow access to
more rearward designated seating positions, and not adjacent to the side
of the vehicle may meet the requirements of S4.4.5.1 by use of a belt
incorporating a release mechanism that detaches both the lap and
shoulder portion at either the
[[Page 599]]
upper or lower anchorage point, but not both. The means of detachment
shall be a key or key-like object.
S4.4.5.6 Any rear side-facing designated seating position shall have
a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly that conforms to S7.1 and S7.2 of
this standard.
S4.5 Other general requirements.
S4.5.1 Labeling and owner's manual information.
(a) Air bag maintenance or replacement information. If the vehicle
manufacturer recommends periodic maintenance or replacement of an
inflatable restraint system, as that term is defined in S4.1.5.1(b) of
this standard, installed in a vehicle, that vehicle shall be labeled
with the recommended schedule for maintenance or replacement. The
schedule shall be specified by month and year, or in terms of vehicle
mileage, or by intervals measured from the date appearing on the vehicle
certification label provided pursuant to 49 CFR Part 567. The label
shall be permanently affixed to the vehicle within the passenger
compartment and lettered in English in block capital and numerals not
less than three thirty-seconds of an inch high. This label may be
combined with the label required by S4.5.1(b) of this standard to appear
on the sun visor. If some regular maintenance or replacement of the
inflatable restraint system(s) in a vehicle is recommended by the
vehicle manufacturer, the owner's manual shall also set forth the
recommended schedule for maintenance or replacement.
(b) Sun visor air bag warning label. (1) Except as provided in
S4.5.1(b)(2), each vehicle shall have a label permanently affixed to
either side of the sun visor, at the manufacturer's option, at each
front outboard seating position that is equipped with an inflatable
restraint. The label shall conform in content to the label shown in
either Figure 6a or 6b of this standard, as appropriate, and shall
comply with the requirements of S4.5.1(b)(1)(i) through
S4.5.1(b)(1)(iv).
(i) The heading area shall be yellow with the word ``WARNING'' and
the alert symbol in black.
(ii) The message area shall be white with black text. The message
area shall be no less than 30 cm\2\ (4.7 in\2\).
(iii) The pictogram shall be black with a red circle and slash on a
white background. The pictogram shall be no less than 30 mm (1.2 in) in
diameter.
(iv) If the vehicle does not have a back seat, the label shown in
Figure 6a or 6b may be modified by omitting the statements: ``The BACK
SEAT is the SAFEST place for children.''
(2) Vehicles certified to meet the requirements specified in S19,
S21, or S23 before September 1, 2003 shall have a label permanently
affixed to either side of the sun visor, at the manufacturer's option,
at each front outboard seating position that is equipped with an
inflatable restraint. The label shall conform in content to the label
shown either in Figure 8 or Figure 11 of this standard, at the
manufacturer's option, and shall comply with the requirements of
S4.5.1(b)(2)(i) through S4.5.1(b)(2)(iv).
(i) The heading area shall be yellow with the word ``WARNING'' and
the alert symbol in black.
(ii) The message area shall be white with black text. The message
area shall be no less than 30 cm\2\ (4.7 in\2\).
(iii) The pictogram shall be black on a white background. The
pictogram shall be no less than 30 mm (1.2 in) in length.
(iv) If the vehicle does not have a back seat, the label shown in
the figure may be modified by omitting the statement: ``The BACK SEAT is
the SAFEST place for CHILDREN.''
(v) If the vehicle does not have a back seat or the back seat is too
small to accommodate a rear-facing child restraint consistent with
S4.5.4.1, the label shown in the figure may be modified by omitting the
statement: ``Never put a rear-facing child seat in the front.''
(3) Vehicles certified to meet the requirements specified in S19,
S21, or S23 on or after September 1, 2003 shall have a label permanently
affixed to either side of the sun visor, at the manufacturer's option,
at each front outboard seating position that is equipped with an
inflatable restraint. The label shall conform in content to the label
shown in Figure 11 of this standard and shall comply with the
requirements of S4.5.1(b)(3)(i) through S4.5.1(b)(3)(iv).
[[Page 600]]
(i) The heading area shall be yellow with the word ``WARNING'' and
the alert symbol in black.
(ii) The message area shall be white with black text. The message
area shall be no less than 30 cm\2\ (4.7 in\2\).
(iii) The pictogram shall be black on a white background. The
pictogram shall be no less than 30 mm (1.2 in) in length.
(iv) If the vehicle does not have a back seat, the label shown in
the figure may be modified by omitting the statement: ``The BACK SEAT is
the SAFEST place for CHILDREN.''
(v) If the vehicle does not have a back seat or the back seat is too
small to accommodate a rear-facing child restraint consistent with
S4.5.4.1, the label shown in the figure may be modified by omitting the
statement: ``Never put a rear-facing child seat in the front.''
(4) Design-specific information.
(i) A manufacturer may request in writing that the Administrator
authorize additional design-specific information to be placed on the air
bag sun visor label for vehicles certified to meet the requirements
specified in S19, S21, or S23. The label shall conform in content to the
label shown in Figure 11 of this standard and shall comply with the
requirements of S4.5.1(b)(3)(i) through S4.5.1(b)(3)(iv), except that
the label may contain additional, design-specific information, if
authorized by the Administrator.
(ii) The request must meet the following criteria:
(A) The request must provide a mock-up of the label with the
specific language or pictogram the manufacturer requests permission to
add to the label.
(B) The additional information conveyed by the requested label must
be specific to the design or technology of the air bag system in the
vehicle and not applicable to all or most air bag systems.
(C) The additional information conveyed by the requested label must
address a situation in which foreseeable occupant behavior can affect
air bag performance.
(iii) The Administrator shall authorize or reject a request by a
manufacturer submitted under S4.5.1(b)(4)(i) on the basis of whether the
additional information could result in information overload or would
otherwise make the label confusing or misleading. No determination will
be made as to whether, in light of the above criteria, the particular
information best prevents information overload or whether the
information best addresses a particular air bag risk. Moreover, the
Administrator will not verify or vouch for the accuracy of the
information.
(5) Limitations on additional labels.
(i) Except for the information on an air bag maintenance label
placed on the sun visor pursuant to S4.5.1(a) of this standard, or on a
utility vehicle warning label placed on the sun visor that conforms in
content, form, and sequence to the label shown in Figure 1 of 49 CFR
575.105, no other information shall appear on the same side of the sun
visor to which the sun visor air bag warning label is affixed.
(ii) Except for the information in an air bag alert label placed on
the sun visor pursuant to S4.5.1(c) of this standard, or on a utility
vehicle warning label placed on the sun visor that conforms in content,
form, and sequence to the label shown in Figure 1 of 49 CFR 575.105, no
other information about air bags or the need to wear seat belts shall
appear anywhere on the sun visor.
(c) Air bag alert label. If the label required by S4.5.1(b) is not
visible when the sun visor is in the stowed position, an air bag alert
label shall be permanently affixed to that visor so that the label is
visible when the visor is in that position. The label shall conform in
content to the sun visor label shown in Figure 6(c) of this standard,
and shall comply with the requirements of S4.5.1(c)(1) through
S4.5.1(c)(3).
(1) The message area shall be black with yellow text. The message
area shall be no less than 20 square cm.
(2) The pictogram shall be black with a red circle and slash on a
white background. The pictogram shall be no less than 20 mm in diameter.
(3) If a vehicle does not have an inflatable restraint at any front
seating position other than that for the driver, the pictogram may be
omitted from the label shown in Figure 6c.
[[Page 601]]
(d) At the option of the manufacturer, the requirements in S4.5.1(b)
and S4.5.1(c) for labels that are permanently affixed to specified parts
of the vehicle may instead be met by permanent marking or molding of the
required information.
(e) Label on the dashboard. (1) Except as provided in S4.5.1(e)(2),
each vehicle that is equipped with an inflatable restraint for the
passenger position shall have a label attached to a location on the
dashboard or the steering wheel hub that is clearly visible from all
front seating positions. The label need not be permanently affixed to
the vehicle. This label shall conform in content to the label shown in
Figure 7 of this standard, and shall comply with the requirements of
S4.5.1(e)(1)(i) through S4.5.1(e)(1)(iii).
(i) The heading area shall be yellow with the word ``WARNING'' and
the alert symbol in black.
(ii) The message area shall be white with black text. The message
area shall be no less than 30 cm\2\ (4.7 in\2\).
(iii) If the vehicle does not have a back seat, the label shown in
Figure 7 may be modified by omitting the statement: ``The back seat is
the safest place for children 12 and under.''
(2) Vehicles certified to meet the requirements specified in S19,
S21, and S23 before December 1, 2003, that are equipped with an
inflatable restraint for the passenger position shall have a label
attached to a location on the dashboard or the steering wheel hub that
is clearly visible from all front seating positions. The label need not
be permanently affixed to the vehicle. This label shall conform in
content to the label shown in either Figure 9 or Figure 12 of this
standard, at manufacturer's option, and shall comply with the
requirements of S4.5.1(e)(2)(i) through S4.5.1(e)(2)(iv).
(i) The heading area shall be yellow with black text.
(ii) The message area shall be white with black text. The message
area shall be no less than 30 cm\2\ (4.7 in\2\).
(iii) If the vehicle does not have a back seat, the labels shown in
Figures 9 and 12 may be modified by omitting the statement: ``The back
seat is the safest place for children.''
(iv) If the vehicle does not have a back seat or the back seat is
too small to accommodate a rear-facing child restraint consistent with
S4.5.4.1, the label shown in Figure 12 may be modified by omitting the
statement: ``Never put a rear-facing child seat in the front.''
(3) Vehicles certified to meet the requirements specified in S19,
S21, and S23 on or after December 1, 2003, that are equipped with an
inflatable restraint for the passenger position shall have a label
attached to a location on the dashboard or the steering wheel hub that
is clearly visible from all front seating positions. The label need not
be permanently affixed to the vehicle. This label shall conform in
content to the label shown in Figure 12 of this standard and shall
comply with the requirements of S4.5.1(e)(3)(i) through
S4.5.1(e)(3)(iv).
(i) The heading area shall be yellow with black text.
(ii) The message area shall be white with black text. The message
area shall be no less than 30 cm\2\ (4.7 in\2\).
(iii) If the vehicle does not have a back seat, the label shown in
Figure 12 may be modified by omitting the statement: ``The back seat is
the safest place for children.''
(iv) If the vehicle does not have a back seat or the back seat is
too small to accommodate a rear-facing child restraint consistent with
S4.5.4.1, the label shown in Figure 12 may be modified by omitting the
statement: ``Never put a rear-facing child seat in the front.''
(f) Information to appear in owner's manual. (1) The owner's manual
for any vehicle equipped with an inflatable restraint system shall
include an accurate description of the vehicle's air bag system in an
easily understandable format. The owner's manual shall include a
statement to the effect that the vehicle is equipped with an air bag and
lap/shoulder belt at both front outboard seating positions, and that the
air bag is a supplemental restraint at those seating positions. The
information shall emphasize that all occupants, including the driver,
should always wear their seat belts whether or not an air bag is also
provided at their seating position to minimize the risk of severe
[[Page 602]]
injury or death in the event of a crash. The owner's manual shall also
provide any necessary precautions regarding the proper positioning of
occupants, including children, at seating positions equipped with air
bags to ensure maximum safety protection for those occupants. The
owner's manual shall also explain that no objects should be placed over
or near the air bag on the instrument panel, because any such objects
could cause harm if the vehicle is in a crash severe enough to cause the
air bag to inflate.
(2) For any vehicle certified to meet the requirements specified in
S14.5, S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25, the manufacturer shall also
include in the vehicle owner's manual a discussion of the advanced
passenger air bag system installed in the vehicle. The discussion shall
explain the proper functioning of the advanced air bag system and shall
provide a summary of the actions that may affect the proper functioning
of the system. The discussion shall include, at a minimum, accurate
information on the following topics:
(i) A presentation and explanation of the main components of the
advanced passenger air bag system.
(ii) An explanation of how the components function together as part
of the advanced passenger air bag system.
(iii) The basic requirements for proper operation, including an
explanation of the actions that may affect the proper functioning of the
system.
(iv) For vehicles certified to meet the requirements of S19.2, S21.2
or S23.2, a complete description of the passenger air bag suppression
system installed in the vehicle, including a discussion of any
suppression zone.
(v) An explanation of the interaction of the advanced passenger air
bag system with other vehicle components, such as seat belts, seats or
other components.
(vi) A summary of the expected outcomes when child restraint
systems, children and small teenagers or adults are both properly and
improperly positioned in the passenger seat, including cautionary advice
against improper placement of child restraint systems.
(vii) For vehicles certified to meet the requirements of S19.2,
S21.2 or S23.2, a discussion of the telltale light, specifying its
location in the vehicle and explaining when the light is illuminated.
(viii) Information on how to contact the vehicle manufacturer
concerning modifications for persons with disabilities that may affect
the advanced air bag system.
(g) Additional labels placed elsewhere in the vehicle interior. The
language on additional air bag warning labels placed elsewhere in the
vehicle interior shall not cause confusion or contradiction of any of
the statements required in the air bag sun visor label, and shall be
expressed in symbols, words and abbreviations required by this standard.
S4.5.2 Readiness indicator. An occupant protection system that
deploys in the event of a crash shall have a monitoring system with a
readiness indicator. The indicator shall monitor its own readiness and
shall be clearly visible from the driver's designated seating position.
If the vehicle is equipped with a single readiness indicator for both a
driver and passenger air bag, and if the vehicle is equipped with an on-
off switch permitted by S4.5.4 of this standard, the readiness indicator
shall monitor the readiness of the driver air bag when the passenger air
bag has been deactivated by means of the on-off switch, and shall not
illuminate solely because the passenger air bag has been deactivated by
the manual on-off switch. A list of the elements of the system being
monitored by the indicator shall be included with the information
furnished in accordance with S4.5.1 but need not be included on the
label.
S4.5.3 Automatic belts. Except as provided in S4.5.3.1, a seat belt
assembly that requires no action by vehicle occupants (hereinafter
referred to as an ``automatic belt'') may be used to meet the crash
protection requirements of any option under S4. and in place of any seat
belt assembly otherwise required by that option.
S4.5.3.1. An automatic belt that provides only pelvic restraint may
not be used pursuant to S4.5.3 to meet the requirements of an option
that requires a Type 2 seat belt assembly. An automatic belt may not be
used pursuant to S4.5.3 to meet the requirements of
[[Page 603]]
S4.1.5.1(a)(3) for a Type 2 seat belt assembly at any seating position
equipped with an inflatable restraint system pursuant to S4.1.5.2,
S4.1.5.3, S4.2.6.1, or S4.2.6.2 of this standard.
S4.5.3.2 An automatic belt, furnished pursuant to S4.5.3, that
provides both pelvic and upper torso restraint may have either a
detachable or nondetachable upper torso portion, notwithstanding
provisions of the option under which it is furnished.
S4.5.3.3 An automatic belt furnished pursuant to S4.5.3 shall:
(a) Conform to S7.1 and have a single emergency release mechanism
whose components are readily accessible to a seated occupant.
(b) In place of a warning system that conforms to S7.3 of this
standard, be equipped with the following warning system: At the left
front designated seating position (driver's position), a warning system
that activates a continuous or intermittent audible signal for a period
of not less than 4 seconds and not more than 8 seconds and that
activates a continuous or flashing warning light visible to the driver
for not less than 60 seconds (beginning when the vehicle ignition switch
is moved to the ``on'' or the ``start'' position) when condition (A)
exists simultaneously with condition (B), and that activates a
continuous or flashing warning light, visible to the driver, displaying
the identifying symbol for the seat belt telltale shown in Table 2 of
Standard No. 101 (49 CFR 571.101), or, at the option of the manufacturer
if permitted by Standard No. 101, displaying the words ``Fasten Seat
Belts'' or ``Fasten Belts,'' for as long as condition (A) exists
simultaneously with condition (C).
(A) The vehicle's ignition switch is moved to the ``on'' position or
to the ``start'' position.
(B) The driver's automatic belt is not in use, as determined by the
belt latch mechanism not being fastened, or, if the automatic belt is
non-detachable, by the emergency release mechanism being in the released
position. In the case of motorized automatic belts, the determination of
use shall be made once the belt webbing is in its locked protective mode
at the anchorage point.
(C) The belt webbing of a motorized automatic belt system is not in
its locked, protective mode at the anchorage point.
S4.5.3.4 An automatic belt furnished pursuant to S4.5.3 that is not
required to meet the perpendicular frontal crash protection requirements
of S5.1 shall conform to the webbing, attachment hardware, and assembly
performance requirements of Standard No. 209.
S4.5.3.5 A replacement automatic belt shall meet the requirements of
S4.1(k) of Standard No. 209.
S4.5.4 Passenger air bag manual cut-off device. Passenger cars,
trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles manufactured before
September 1, 2012 may be equipped with a device that deactivates the air
bag installed at the right front outboard seating position in the
vehicle, if all the conditions in S4.5.4.1 through S4.5.4.4 are
satisfied.
S4.5.4.1 The vehicle complies with either S4.5.4.1(a) or
S4.5.4.1(b).
(a) The vehicle has no forward-facing designated seating positions
to the rear of the front seating positions.
(b) With the seats and seat backs adjusted as specified in S8.1.2
and S8.1.3, the distance, measured along a longitudinal horizontal line
tangent to the highest point of the rear seat bottom in the longitudinal
vertical plane described in either S4.5.4.1(b)(1) or S4.5.4.1(b)(2),
between the rearward surface of the front seat back and the forward
surface of the rear seat back is less than 720 millimeters.
(1) In a vehicle equipped with front bucket seats, the vertical
plane at the centerline of the driver's seat cushion.
(2) In a vehicle equipped with front bench seating, the vertical
plane which passes through the center of the steering wheel rim.
S4.5.4.2 The device is operable by means of the ignition key for the
vehicle. The device shall be separate from the ignition switch for the
vehicle, so that the driver must take some action with the ignition key
other than inserting it or turning it in the ignition switch to
deactivate the passenger air bag. Once deactivated, the passenger air
bag shall remain deactivated until it is reactivated by means of the
device.
[[Page 604]]
S4.5.4.3 A telltale light in the interior of the vehicle shall be
illuminated whenever the passenger air bag is turned off by means of the
on-off switch. The telltale shall be clearly visible to occupants of all
front seating positions. ``Clearly visible'' means within the normal
range of vision throughout normal driving operations. The telltale:
(a) Shall be yellow;
(b) Shall have the identifying words ``PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF'' or
``PASS AIR BAG OFF'' on the telltale or within 25 millimeters of the
telltale;
(c) Shall remain illuminated for the entire time that the air bag is
``off'';
(d) Shall not be illuminated at any time when the air bag is ``on'';
and,
(e) Shall not be combined with the readiness indicator required by
S4.5.2 of this standard.
S4.5.4.4 The vehicle owner's manual shall provide, in a readily
understandable format:
(a) Complete instructions on the operation of the on-off switch;
(b) A statement that the on-off switch should only be used when a
member of a passenger risk group identified in the request form in
Appendix B to part 595 of this chapter is occupying the right front
passenger seating position; and,
(c) A warning about the safety consequences of using the on-off
switch at other times.
S4.5.5 Rear seat belt requirements for passenger cars and for
trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 4,536
kg (10,000 lbs.) or less.
S4.5.5.1 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2005 and
before September 1, 2007.
(a) For vehicles manufactured for sale in the United States on or
after September 1, 2005, and before September 1, 2007, a percentage of
the manufacturer's production as specified in S4.5.5.2, shall meet the
requirements specified in either S4.1.5.5 for complying passenger cars,
S4.2.7 for complying trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles, or
S4.4.5 for complying buses.
(b) A manufacturer that sells two or fewer carlines, as that term is
defined at 49 CFR 583.4, in the United States may, at the option of the
manufacturer, meet the requirements of this paragraph, instead of
paragraph (a) of this section. Each vehicle manufactured on or after
September 1, 2006, and before September 1, 2007, shall meet the
requirements specified in S4.1.5.5 for complying passenger cars, S4.2.7
for complying trucks & multipurpose passenger vehicles, and S4.4.5 for
complying buses. Credits for vehicles manufactured before September 1,
2006 are not to be applied to the requirements of this paragraph.
(c) Vehicles that are manufactured in two or more stages or that are
altered (within the meaning of 49 CFR 567.7) after having previously
been certified in accordance with part 567 of this chapter are not
subject to the requirements of S4.5.5.1.
(d) Vehicles that are manufactured by a manufacturer that produces
fewer than 5,000 vehicles annually for sale in the United States are not
subject to the requirements of S4.5.5.1.
S4.5.5.2 Phase-in schedule.
(a) Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2005, and before
September 1, 2006. Subject to S4.5.5.3(a), for vehicles manufactured on
or after September 1, 2005, and before September 1, 2006, the amount of
vehicles complying with S4.1.5.5 for complying passenger cars, S4.2.7
for complying trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles, or S4.4.5 for
complying buses shall be not less than 50 percent of:
(1) If the manufacturer has manufactured vehicles for sale in the
United States during both of the two production years immediately prior
to September 1, 2005, the manufacturer's average annual production of
vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2003, and before
September 1, 2006, or
(2) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2005, and
before September 1, 2006.
(b) Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2006, and before
September 1, 2007. Subject to S4.5.5.3(b), for vehicles manufactured on
or after September 1, 2006, and before September 1, 2007, the amount of
vehicles complying with S4.1.5.5 for complying passenger cars, S4.2.7
for complying trucks and multipurpose passenger vehicles, or S4.4.5 for
complying buses shall be not less than 80 percent of:
[[Page 605]]
(1) If the manufacturer has manufactured vehicles for sale in the
United States during both of the two production years immediately prior
to September 1, 2006, the manufacturer's average annual production of
vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2004, and before
September 1, 2007, or
(2) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2006, and
before September 1, 2007.
S4.5.5.3 Calculation of complying vehicles.
(a) For the purposes of complying with S4.5.5.2(a), a manufacturer
may count a vehicle if it is manufactured on or after February 7, 2005,
but before September 1, 2006.
(b) For the purposes of complying with S4.5.5.2(b), a manufacturer
may count a vehicle if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after February 7, 2005, but before
September 1, 2007, and
(2) Is not counted toward compliance with S4.5.5.2(a).
S4.5.5.4 Vehicles produced by more than one manufacturer.
(a) For the purpose of calculating average annual production of
vehicles for each manufacturer and the number of vehicles manufactured
by each manufacturer under S4.5.5.2, a vehicle produced by more than one
manufacturer shall be attributed to a single manufacturer as follows,
subject to paragraph (b) of this section.
(1) A vehicle that is imported shall be attributed to the importer.
(2) A vehicle manufactured in the United States by more than one
manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be attributed
to the manufacturer that markets the vehicle.
(b) A vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer shall be
attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified by an
express written contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration under 49 CFR part 585, between the manufacturer so
specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle would otherwise be
attributed under paragraph (a) of this section.
S4.6 Dynamic testing of manual belt systems.
S4.6.1 Each truck and multipurpose passenger vehicle with a GVWR of
8,500 pounds or less and an unloaded weight of less than 5,500 pounds
that is manufactured on or after September 1, 1991, and is equipped with
a Type 2 seat belt assembly at a front outboard designated seating
position pursuant to S4.1.2.3 shall meet the frontal crash protection
requirements of S5.1 at those designated seating positions with a test
dummy restrained by a Type 2 seat belt assembly that has been adjusted
in accordance with S7.4.2. A vehicle shall not be deemed to be in
noncompliance with this standard if its manufacturer establishes that it
did not have reason to know in the exercise of due care that such
vehicle is not in conformity with the requirement of this standard.
S4.6.2 Any manual seat belt assembly subject to the requirements of
S5.1 of this standard by virtue of any provision of this standard other
than S4.1.2.1(c)(2) does not have to meet the requirements of S4.2(a)-
(f) and S4.4 of Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209).
S4.6.3 Any manual seat belt assembly subject to the requirements of
S5.1 of this standard by virtue of S4.1.2.1(c)(2) does not have to meet
the elongation requirements of S4.2(c), S4.4(a)(2), S4.4(b)(4), and
S4.4(b)(5) of Standard No. 209 (Sec. 571.209).
S4.7 Incorporation by reference. Society of Automotive Engineers
(SAE) Recommended Practice J211/1 rev. Mar 95, ``Instrumentation for
Impact Test--Part 1--Electronic Instrumentation,'' (SAE J211/1 rev. Mar
95) is incorporated by reference in sections S4.13, S6.6, S13.1,
S15.3.6, S19.4.4, S21.5.5, S23.5.5, and S25.4, Department of Defense
MIL-S-13192P, 1988, ``Military Specification, Shoes, Men's, Dress,
Oxford'', Amendment 1, October 14, 1994 (MIL-S-13192P) is incorporated
by reference in section S8.1.8, and Department of Defense MIL-S-21711E,
1982, ``Military Specification, Shoes, Women's'', Amendment 2, October
14, 1994 (MIL-S-21711E) is incorporated by reference in section S16.2.5,
and are thereby made part of this standard. The Director of the Federal
Register approved the material incorporated by reference in accordance
with 5 U.S.C. 552 (a) and 1 CFR Part 51. A copy of SAE J211/1 rev. Mar
95 may be obtained from SAE at the Society of
[[Page 606]]
Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA
15096. A copy of SAE J211/1 rev. Mar 95 and copies of MIL-S-13192P and
MIL-S-21711E may be inspected at NHTSA's technical reference library,
400 Seventh Street, S.W., Room 5109, Washington, DC, or at the National
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to:
http://www.archives.gov/federal--register/code--of--federal--
regulations/ibr--locations.html.
S4.8 Selection of compliance options. Where manufacturer options are
specified, the manufacturer shall select the option by the time it
certifies the vehicle and may not thereafter select a different option
for the vehicle. Each manufacturer shall, upon request from the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, provide information regarding
which of the compliance options it has selected for a particular vehicle
or make/model.
S4.9 Values and tolerances. Wherever a range of values or tolerances
are specified, requirements shall be met at all values within the range
of values or tolerances. With respect to the positioning of
anthropomorphic dummies, torso and spine angle tolerances shall be
2 degrees unless otherwise stated, and leg, thigh,
foot, and arm angle tolerances shall be 5 degrees
unless otherwise stated.
S4.10 Metric values. Specifications and requirements are given in
metric units with English units provided for reference. The metric
values are controlling.
S4.11 Test duration for purpose of measuring injury criteria.
(a) For all barrier crashes, the injury criteria specified in this
standard shall be met when calculated based on data recorded for 300
milliseconds after the vehicle strikes the barrier.
(b) For the 3-year-old and 6-year-old child dummy low risk
deployment tests, the injury criteria specified in this standard shall
be met when calculated on data recorded for 100 milliseconds after the
initial deployment of the air bag.
(c) For 12-month-old infant dummy low risk deployment tests, the
injury criteria specified in the standard shall be met when calculated
on data recorded for 125 milliseconds after the initiation of the final
stage of air bag deployment designed to deploy in any full frontal rigid
barrier crash up to 64 km/h (40 mph).
(d) For driver-side low risk deployment tests, the injury criteria
shall be met when calculated based on data recorded for 125 milliseconds
after the initiation of the final stage of air bag deployment designed
to deploy in any full frontal rigid barrier crash up to 26 km/h (16
mph).
(e) The requirements for dummy containment shall continue until both
the vehicle and the dummies have ceased moving.
S4.12 Suppression systems that do not detect dummies. For vehicles
with occupant sensing systems that recognize humans and not dummies,
such that the air bag or bags would not function in crash tests, the
manufacturer shall provide NHTSA with information and equipment
necessary to circumvent the suppression system for the crash test such
that the restraint system operates as if 5th percentile adult female
humans and 50th percentile adult male humans are seated in the vehicle.
S4.13 Data channels. For vehicles manufactured on or after September
1, 2001, all data channels used in injury criteria calculations shall be
filtered using a phaseless digital filter, such as the Butterworth four-
pole phaseless digital filter specified in Appendix C of SAE J211/1,
rev. Mar 95, incorporated by reference in S4.7.
S5 Occupant crash protection requirements for the 50th percentile
adult male dummy.
S5.1 Frontal barrier crash test.
S5.1.1 Belted test. (a) Vehicles not certified to S14. Impact a
vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and
including 48 km/h (30 mph), into a fixed rigid barrier that is
perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, and at any angle up
to 30 degrees in either direction from the perpendicular to the line of
travel of the vehicle, under the applicable conditions of S8 and S10.
The test dummy specified in S8.1.8 placed in each front outboard
designated seating position shall meet
[[Page 607]]
the injury criteria of S6.1, S6.2(a), S6.3, S6.4(a), and S6.5 of this
standard.
(b) Vehicles certified to S14--(1) Vehicles certified to S14.1 or
S14.2. Impact a vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed,
up to and including 48 km/h (30 mph), into a fixed rigid barrier that is
perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle under the applicable
conditions of S8 and S10. The test dummy specified in S8.1.8 placed in
each front outboard designated seating position shall meet the injury
criteria of S6.1, S6.2(b), S6.3, S6.4(b), S6.5, and S6.6 of this
standard.
(2) Vehicles certified to S14.3 or S14.4. Impact a vehicle traveling
longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 56 km/h (35
mph), into a fixed rigid barrier that is perpendicular to the line of
travel of the vehicle under the applicable conditions of S8 and S10. The
test dummy specified in S8.1.8 placed in each front outboard designated
seating position shall meet the injury criteria of S6.1, S6.2(b), S6.3,
S6.4(b), S6.5, and S6.6 of this standard.
S5.1.2 Unbelted test. (a) Vehicles not certified to the requirements
of S13 or S14. At the manufacturer's option, either one of the following
unbelted tests shall be met:
(1) Impact a vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed
up to and including 48 km/h (30 mph), into a fixed rigid barrier that is
perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, and at any angle up
to 30 degrees in either direction from the perpendicular to the line of
travel of the vehicle, under the applicable conditions of S8 and S10,
excluding S10.7, S10.8, and S10.9. The test dummy specified in S8.1.8
placed in each front outboard designated seating position shall meet the
injury criteria of S6.1, S6.2(a), S6.3, S6.4(a), and S6.5 of this
standard.
(2) Impact a vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed
between 32 km/h (20 mph) and 40 km/h (25 mph), inclusive, into a fixed
rigid barrier that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the
vehicle, and at any angle up to 30 degrees in either direction from the
perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, under the applicable
conditions of S8 and S10, excluding S10.7, S10.8, and S10.9. The test
dummy specified in S8.1.8 placed in each front outboard designated
seating position shall meet the injury criteria of S6.1, S6.2(b), S6.3,
S6.4(b), S6.5, and S6.6 of this standard.
(b) Vehicles certified to the requirements of S14. Impact a vehicle
traveling longitudinally forward at any speed between 32 km/h (20 mph)
and 40 km/h (25 mph), inclusive, into a fixed rigid barrier that is
perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, and at any angle up
to 30 degrees in either direction from the perpendicular to the line of
travel of the vehicle, under the applicable conditions of S8 and S10,
excluding S10.7, S10.8, and S10.9. The test dummy specified in S8.1.8
placed in each front outboard designated seating position shall meet the
injury criteria of S6.1, S6.2(b), S6.3, S6.4(b), S6.5, and S6.6 of this
standard.
S5.2 Lateral moving barrier crash test. Impact a vehicle laterally
on either side by a barrier moving at 20 mph under the applicable
conditions of S8. The test dummy specified in S8.1.8 positioned in the
front outboard designated seating position adjacent to the impacted side
shall meet the injury criteria of S6.2 and S6.3 of this standard.
S5.3 Rollover. Subject a vehicle to a rollover test in either
lateral direction at 30 mph under the applicable conditions of S8 of
this standard with a test dummy specified in S8.1.8 placed in the front
outboard designated seating position on the vehicle's lower side as
mounted on the test platform. The test dummy shall meet the injury
criteria of S6.1 of this standard.
S6 Injury criteria for the part 572, subpart E, Hybrid III test
dummy.
S6.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within the
outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment.
S6.2 Head injury criteria. (a)(1) For any two points in time,
t1 and t2, during the event which are separated by
not more than a 36 millisecond time interval and where t1 is
less than t2, the head injury criterion (HIC36)
shall be determined using the resultant head acceleration at the center
of gravity of the dummy head, ar, expressed as a multiple of
g (the acceleration of gravity) and shall be calculated using the
expression:
[[Page 608]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12MY00.003
(2) The maximum calculated HIC36 value shall not exceed
1,000.
(b)(1) For any two points in time, t1 and t2,
during the event which are separated by not more than a 15 millisecond
time interval and where t1 is less than t2, the
head injury criterion (HIC15) shall be determined using the
resultant head acceleration at the center of gravity of the dummy head,
ar, expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of
gravity) and shall be calculated using the expression:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12MY00.004
(2) The maximum calculated HIC15 value shall not exceed
700.
S6.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the
thoracic instrumentation shown in drawing 78051.218, revision R
incorporated by reference in part 572, subpart E of this chapter shall
not exceed 60 g's, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not
more than 3 milliseconds.
S6.4 Chest deflection. (a) Compressive deflection of the sternum
relative to the spine shall not exceed 76 mm (3.0 in).
(b) Compressive deflection of the sternum relative to the spine
shall not exceed 63 mm (2.5 in).
S6.5 The force transmitted axially through each upper leg shall not
exceed 2250 pounds.
S6.6 Neck injury. When measuring neck injury, each of the following
injury criteria shall be met.
(a) Nij.
(1) The shear force (Fx), axial force (Fz), and bending moment (My)
shall be measured by the dummy upper neck load cell for the duration of
the crash event as specified in S4.11. Shear force, axial force, and
bending moment shall be filtered for Nij purposes at SAE J211/1 rev. Mar
95 Channel Frequency Class 600 (see S4.7).
(2) During the event, the axial force (Fz) can be either in tension
or compression while the occipital condyle bending moment (Mocy) can be
in either flexion or extension. This results in four possible loading
conditions for Nij: tension-extension (Nte), tension-flexion (Ntf),
compression-extension (Nce), or compression-flexion (Ncf).
(3) When calculating Nij using equation S6.6(a)(4), the critical
values, Fzc and Myc, are:
(i) Fzc = 6806 N (1530 lbf) when Fz is in tension
(ii) Fzc = 6160 N (1385 lbf) when Fz is in compression
(iii) Myc = 310 Nm (229 lbf-ft) when a flexion moment exists at the
occipital condyle
(iv) Myc = 135 Nm (100 lbf-ft) when an extension moment exists at
the occipital condyle.
(4) At each point in time, only one of the four loading conditions
occurs and the Nij value corresponding to that loading condition is
computed and the three remaining loading modes shall be considered a
value of zero. The expression for calculating each Nij loading condition
is given by:
Nij = (Fz/Fzc) + (Mocy/Myc)
(5) None of the four Nij values shall exceed 1.0 at any time during
the event.
(b) Peak tension. Tension force (Fz), measured at the upper neck
load cell, shall not exceed 4170 N (937 lbf) at any time.
(c) Peak compression. Compression force (Fz), measured at the upper
neck load cell, shall not exceed 4000 N (899 lbf) at any time.
S6.7 Unless otherwise indicated, instrumentation for data
acquisition, data channel frequency class, and moment calculations are
the same as given for the 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart E Hybrid III test
dummy.
S7. Seat belt assembly requirements. As used in this section, a law
enforcement vehicle means any vehicle manufactured primarily for use by
the United States or by a State or local government for police or other
law enforcement purposes.
S7.1 Adjustment.
S7.1.1 Except as specified in S7.1.1.1 and S7.1.1.2, the lap belt of
any seat belt assembly furnished in accordance with S4.1.2 shall adjust
by means of any emergency-locking or automatic-locking retractor that
conforms to
[[Page 609]]
Sec. 571.209 to fit persons whose dimensions range from those of a 50th
percentile 6-year-old child to those of a 95th percentile adult male and
the upper torso restraint shall adjust by means of an emergency-locking
retractor or a manual adjusting device that conforms to Sec. 571.209 to
fit persons whose dimensions range from those of a 5th percentile adult
female to those of a 95th percentile adult male, with the seat in any
position, the seat back in the manufacturer's nominal design riding
position, and any adjustable anchorages adjusted to the manufacturer's
nominal design position for a 50th percentile adult male occupant.
However, an upper torso restraint furnished in accordance with
S4.1.2.3.1(a) shall adjust by means of an emergency-locking retractor
that conforms to Sec. 571.209.
S7.1.1.1 A seat belt assembly installed at the driver's seating
position shall adjust to fit persons whose dimensions range from those
of a 5th-percentile adult female to those of a 95th-percentile adult
male.
S7.1.1.2 (a) A seat belt assembly installed in a motor vehicle other
than a forward control vehicle at any designated seating position other
than the outboard positions of the front and second seats shall adjust
either by a retractor as specified in S7.1.1 or by a manual adjusting
device that conforms to Sec. 571.209.
(b) A seat belt assembly installed in a forward control vehicle at
any designated seating position other than the front outboard seating
positions shall adjust either by a retractor as specified in S7.1.1 or
by a manual adjusting device that conforms to Sec. 571.209.
(c) A seat belt assembly installed in a forward-facing rear outboard
seating position in a law enforcement vehicle shall adjust either by a
retractor as specified in S7.1.1 or by a manual adjusting device that
conforms to Sec. 571.209.
S7.1.1.3 A Type 1 lap belt or the lap belt portion of any Type 2
seat belt assembly installed at any forward-facing outboard designated
seating position of a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of
10,000 pounds or less to comply with a requirement of this standard,
except walk-in van-type vehicles and school buses, and except in rear
seating positions in law enforcement vehicles, shall meet the
requirements of S7.1 by means of an emergency locking retractor that
conforms to Standard No. 209 (49 CFR 571.209).
S7.1.1.4 Notwithstanding the other provisions of S7.1--S7.1.1.3,
emergency-locking retractors on belt assemblies located in positions
other than front outboard designated seating postions may be equipped
with a manual webbing adjustment device capable of causing the retractor
that adjusts the lap belt to lock when the belt is buckled.
S7.1.1.5 Passenger cars, and trucks, buses, and multipurpose
passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less manufactured on
or after September 1, 1995 shall meet the requirements of S7.1.1.5(a),
S7.1.1.5(b) and S7.1.1.5(c), subject to S7.1.1.5(d).
(a) Each designated seating position, except the driver's position,
and except any right front seating position that is equipped with an
automatic belt, that is in any motor vehicle, except walk-in van-type
vehicles and vehicles manufactured to be sold exclusively to the U.S.
Postal Service, and that is forward-facing or can be adjusted to be
forward-facing, shall have a seat belt assembly whose lap belt portion
is lockable so that the seat belt assembly can be used to tightly secure
a child restraint system. The means provided to lock the lap belt or lap
belt portion of the seat belt assembly shall not consist of any device
that must be attached by the vehicle user to the seat belt webbing,
retractor, or any other part of the vehicle. Additionally, the means
provided to lock the lap belt or lap belt portion of the seat belt
assembly shall not require any inverting, twisting or otherwise
deforming of the belt webbing.
(b) If the means provided pursuant to S7.1.1.5(a) to lock the lap
belt or lap belt portion of any seat belt assembly makes it necessary
for the vehicle user to take some action to activate the locking
feature, the vehicle owner's manual shall include a description in words
and/or diagrams describing how to activate the locking feature so that
the seat belt assembly can tightly secure a child restraint system and
how
[[Page 610]]
to deactivate the locking feature to remove the child restraint system.
(c) Except for seat belt assemblies that have no retractor or that
are equipped with an automatic locking retractor, compliance with
S7.1.1.5(a) is demonstrated by the following procedure:
(1) With the seat in any adjustment position, buckle the seat belt
assembly. Complete any procedures recommended in the vehicle owner's
manual, pursuant to S7.1.1.5(b), to activate any locking feature for the
seat belt assembly.
(2) Locate a reference point A on the safety belt buckle. Locate a
reference point B on the attachment hardware or retractor assembly at
the other end of the lap belt or lap belt portion of the seat belt
assembly. Adjust the lap belt or lap belt portion of the seat belt
assembly pursuant to S7.1.1.5(c)(1) as necessary so that the webbing
between points A and B is at the maximum length allowed by the belt
system. Measure and record the distance between points A and B along the
longitudinal centerline of the webbing for the lap belt or lap belt
portion of the seat belt assembly.
(3) Readjust the belt system so that the webbing between points A
and B is at any length that is 5 inches or more shorter than the maximum
length of the webbing.
(4) Apply a pre-load of 10 pounds, using the webbing tension pull
device described in Figure 5 of this standard, to the lap belt or lap
belt portion of the seat belt assembly in a vertical plane parallel to
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the seating
reference point of the designated seating position whose belt system is
being tested. Apply the pre-load in a horizontal direction toward the
front of the vehicle with a force application angle of not less than 5
degrees nor more than 15 degrees above the horizontal. Measure and
record the length of belt between points A and B along the longitudinal
centerline of the webbing for the lap belt or lap belt portion of the
seat belt assembly while the pre-load is being applied.
(5) Apply a load of 50 pounds, using the webbing tension pull device
described in Figure 5 of this standard, to the lap belt or lap belt
portion of the seat belt assembly in a vertical plane parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the seating
reference point of the designated seating position whose belt system is
being tested. The load is applied in a horizontal direction toward the
front of the vehicle with a force application angle of not less than 5
degrees nor more than 15 degrees above the horizontal at an onset rate
of not more than 50 pounds per second. Attain the 50 pound load in not
more than 5 seconds. If webbing sensitive emergency locking retroactive
are installed as part of the lap belt assembly or lap belt portion of
the seat belt assembly, apply the load at a rate less than the threshold
value for lock-up specified by the manufacturer. Maintain the 50 pound
load for at least 5 seconds before the measurements specified in
S7.1.1.5(c)(6) are obtained and recorded.
(6) Measure and record the length of belt between points A and B
along the longitudinal centerline of the webbing for the lap belt or lap
belt portion of the seat belt assembly.
(7) The difference between the measurements recorded under
S7.1.1.5(c) (6) and (4) shall not exceed 2 inches.
(8) The difference between the measurements recorded under
S7.1.1.5(c) (6) and (2) shall be 3 inches or more.
(d) For passenger cars, and trucks and multipurpose passenger
vehicles with a GVWR of 8,500 pounds or less, and buses with a GVWR of
10,000 lb or less manufactured on or after September 1, 2012, each
designated seating position that is equipped with a child restraint
anchorage system meeting the requirements of Sec. 571.225 need not meet
the requirements of this S7.1.1.5.
S7.1.2 Except as provided in S7.1.2.1, S7.1.2.2, and S7.1.2.3, for
each Type 2 seat belt assembly which is required by Standard No. 208 (49
CFR 571.208), the upper anchorage, or the lower anchorage nearest the
intersection of the torso belt and the lap belt, shall include a movable
component which has a minimum of two adjustment positions. The distance
between the geometric center of the movable component at the two extreme
adjustment positions shall be not less than five centimeters, measured
linearly. If the component required by this paragraph
[[Page 611]]
must be manually moved between adjustment positions, information shall
be provided in the owner's manual to explain how to adjust the seat belt
and warn that misadjustment could reduce the effectiveness of the safety
belt in a crash.
S7.1.2.1 As an alternative to meeting the requirement of S7.1.2, a
Type 2 seat belt assembly shall provide a means of automatically moving
the webbing in relation to either the upper anchorage, or the lower
anchorage nearest the intersection of the torso belt and the lap belt.
The distance between the midpoint of the webbing at the contact point of
the webbing and the anchorage at the extreme adjustment positions shall
be not less than five centimeters, measured linearly.
S7.1.2.2 The requirements of S7.1.2 do not apply the anchorages of a
Type 2 seat belt assembly installed:
(a) At a seat which is adjustable fore and aft while the vehicle is
in motion and whose seat frame above the fore-and-aft adjuster is part
of each of the assembly's seat belt anchorages, as defined in S3 of
Standard No. 210 (49 CFR 571.210).
(b) At a seat that is not adjustable fore and aft while the vehicle
is in motion.
S7.1.2.3 The requirements of S7.1.2 do not apply to any truck with a
gross vehicle weight rating of more than 8,500 pounds manufactured
before January 1, 1998.
S7.1.3 The intersection of the upper torso belt with the lap belt in
any Type 2 seat belt assembly furnished in accordance with S4.1.1 or
S4.1.2, with the upper torso manual adjusting device, if provided,
adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, shall be at
least 6 inches from the front vertical centerline of a 50th-percentile
adult male occupant, measured along the centerline of the lap belt, with
the seat in its rearmost and lowest adjustable position and with the
seat back in the manufacturer's nominal design riding position.
S7.1.4 The weights and dimensions of the vehicle occupants referred
to in this standard are as follows:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50th-percentile 6- 5th-percentile 50th-percentile 95th-percentile
year old child adult female adult male adult male
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight.......................... 47.3 pounds....... 102 pounds........ 164 pounds 3.
Erect sitting height............ 25.4 inches....... 30.9 inches....... 35.7 inches .
1.
Hip breadth (sitting)........... 8.4 inches........ 12.8 inches....... 14.7 inches .
7.
Hip circumference (sitting)..... 23.9 inches....... 36.4 inches....... 42 inches......... 47.2 inches.
Waist circumference (sitting)... 20.8 inches....... 23.6 inches....... 32 inches .
6.
Chest depth..................... .................. 7.5 inches........ 9.3 inches .
2.
Chest circumference:
(nipple)...................... .................. 30.5 inches....... .................. ..................
(upper)....................... .................. 29.8 inches....... 37.4 inches .
6.
(lower)....................... .................. 26.6 inches....... .................. ..................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S7.2 Latch mechanism. Except as provided in S7.2(e), each seat belt
assembly installed in any vehicle shall have a latch mechanism that
complies with the requirements specified in S7.2(a) through (d).
(a) The components of the latch mechanism shall be accessible to a
seated occupant in both the stowed and operational positions;
(b) The latch mechanism shall release both the upper torso restraint
and the lap belt simultaneously, if the assembly has a lap belt and an
upper torso restraint that require unlatching for release of the
occupant;
(c) The latch mechanism shall release at a single point; and;
(d) The latch mechanism shall release by a pushbutton action.
(e) The requirements of S7.2 do not apply to any automatic belt
assembly. The requirements specified in S7.2(a) through (c) do not apply
to any safety belt assembly installed at a forward-facing rear outboard
seating position in a law enforcement vehicle.
S7.3 (a) A seat belt assembly provided at the driver's seating
position shall be equipped with a warning system that, at the option of
the manufacturer, either--
(1) Activates a continuous or intermittent audible signal for a
period of not less than 4 seconds and not more than 8 seconds and that
activates a
[[Page 612]]
continuous or flashing warning light visible to the driver displaying
the identifying symbol for the seat belt telltale shown in Table 2 of
FMVSS 101 or, at the option of the manufacturer if permitted by FMVSS
101, displaying the words ``Fasten Seat Belts'' or ``Fasten Belts'', for
not less than 60 seconds (beginning when the vehicle ignition switch is
moved to the ``on'' or the ``start'' position) when condition (b) exists
simultaneously with condition (c), or that
(2) Activates, for a period of not less than 4 seconds and not more
than 8 seconds (beginning when the vehicle ignition switch is moved to
the ``on'' or the ``start'' position), a continuous or flashing warning
light visible to the driver, displaying the identifying symbol of the
seat belt telltale shown in Table 2 of FMVSS 101 or, at the option of
the manufacturer if permitted by FMVSS 101, displaying the words
``Fasten Seat Belts'' or ``Fasten Belts'', when condition (b) exists,
and a continuous or intermittent audible signal when condition (b)
exists simultaneously with condition (c).
(b) The vehicle's ignition switch is moved to the ``on'' position or
to the ``start'' position.
(c) The driver's lap belt is not in use, as determined, at the
option of the manufacturer, either by the belt latch mechanism not being
fastened, or by the belt not being extended at least 4 inches from its
stowed position.
S7.4 Seat belt comfort and convenience.
(a) Automatic seat belts. Automatic seat belts installed in any
vehicle, other than walk-in van-type vehicles, which has a gross vehicle
weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less, and which is manufactured on or
after September 1, 1986, shall meet the requirements of S7.4.1, S7.4.2,
and S7.4.3.
(b) Manual seat belts.
(1) Vehicles manufactured after September 1, 1986. Manual seat belts
installed in any vehicle, other than manual Type 2 belt systems
installed in the front outboard seating positions in passenger cars or
manual belts in walk-in van-type vehicles, which have a gross vehicle
weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less, shall meet the requirements of
S7.4.3, S7.4.4, S7.4.5, and S7.4.6.
(2) Vehicles manufactured after September 1, 1989.
(i) If the automatic restraint requirement of S4.1.4 is rescinded
pursuant to S4.1.5, then manual seat belts installed in a passenger car
shall meet the requirements of S7.1.1.3(a), S7.4.2, S7.4.3, S7.4.4,
S7.4.5, and S7.4.6.
(ii) Manual seat belts installed in a bus, multipurpose passenger
vehicle and truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or
less, except for walk-in van-type vehicles, shall meet the requirements
of S7.4.3, S7.4.4, S7.4.5, and S7.4.6.
S7.4.1 Convenience hooks. Any manual convenience hook or other
device that is provided to stow seat belt webbing to facilitate entering
or exiting the vehicle shall automatically release the webbing when the
automatic belt system is otherwise operational and shall remain in the
released mode for as long as (a) exists simultaneously with (b), or, at
the manufacturer's option, for as long as (a) exists simultaneously with
(c)--
(a) The vehicle ignition switch is moved to the ``on'' or ``start''
position;
(b) The vehicle's drive train is engaged;
(c) The vehicle's parking brake is in the released mode
(nonengaged).
S7.4.2 Webbing tension-relieving device. Each vehicle with an
automatic seat belt assembly or with a Type 2 manual seat belt assembly
that must meet the occupant crash protection requirements of S5.1 of
this standard installed at a front outboard designated seating position,
and each vehicle with a Type 2 manual seat belt assembly installed at a
rear outboard designated seating position in compliance with a
requirement of this standard, that has either automatic or manual
tension-relieving devices permitting the introduction of slack in the
webbing of the shoulder belt (e.g., ``comfort clips'' or ``window-
shade'' devices) shall:
(a) Comply with the requirements of S5.1 with the shoulder belt
webbing adjusted to introduce the maximum amount of slack recommended by
the vehicle manufacturer pursuant to S7.4.2(b).
[[Page 613]]
(b) Have a section in the vehicle owner's manual that explains how
the tension-relieving device works and specifies the maximum amount of
slack (in inches) recommended by the vehicle manufacturer to be
introduced into the shoulder belt under normal use conditions. The
explanation shall also warn that introducing slack beyond the amount
specified by the manufacturer could significantly reduce the
effectiveness of the shoulder belt in a crash; and
(c) Have, except for open-body vehicles with no doors, an automatic
means to cancel any shoulder belt slack introduced into the belt system
by a tension-relieving device. In the case of an automatic safety belt
system, cancellation of the tension-relieving device shall occur each
time the adjacent vehicle door is opened. In the case of a manual seat
belt required to meet S5.1, cancellation of the tension-relieving device
shall occur, at the manufacturer's option, either each time the adjacent
door is opened or each time the latchplate is released from the buckle.
In the case of a Type 2 manual seat belt assembly installed at a rear
outboard designated seating position, cancellation of the tension-
relieving device shall occur, at the manufacturer's option either each
time the door designed to allow the occupant of that seating position
entry and egress of the vehicle is opened or each time the latchplate is
released from the buckle. In the case of open-body vehicles with no
doors, cancellation of the tension-relieving device may be done by a
manual means.
S7.4.3 Belt contact force. Except for manual or automatic seat belt
assemblies that incorporate a webbing tension-relieving device, the
upper torso webbing of any seat belt assembly shall not exert more than
0.7 pounds of contact force when measured normal to and one inch from
the chest of an anthropomorphic test dummy, positioned in accordance
with S10 of this standard in the seating position for which that seat
belt assembly is provided, at the point where the centerline of the
torso belt crosses the midsagittal line on the dummy's chest.
S7.4.4 Latchplate access. Any seat belt assembly latchplate that is
located outboard of a front outboard seating position in accordance with
S4.1.2 shall also be located within the outboard reach envelope of
either the outboard arm or the inboard arm described in S10.7 and Figure
3 of this standard, when the latchplate is in its normal stowed position
and any adjustable anchorages are adjusted to the manufacturer's nominal
design position for a 50th percentile adult male occupant. There shall
be sufficient clearance between the vehicle seat and the side of the
vehicle interior to allow the test block defined in Figure 4 of this
standard unhindered transit to the latchplate or buckle.
S7.4.5 Retraction. When tested under the conditions of S8.1.2 and
S8.1.3, with anthropomorphic dummies whose arms have been removed and
which are positioned in accordance with S10 of this standard in the
front outboard seating positions and restrained by the belt systems for
those positions, the torso and lap belt webbing of any of those seat
belt systems shall automatically retract to a stowed position either
when the adjacent vehicle door is in the open position and the seat belt
latchplate is released, or, at the option of the manufacturer, when the
latchplate is released. That stowed position shall prevent any part of
the webbing or hardware from being pinched when the adjacent vehicle
door is closed. A belt system with a tension-relieving device in an
open-bodied vehicle with no doors shall fully retract when the tension-
relieving device is deactivated. For the purposes of these retraction
requirements, outboard armrests, which are capable of being stowed, on
vehicle seats shall be placed in their stowed position.
S7.4.6 Seat belt guides and hardware.
S7.4.6.1 (a) Any manual seat belt assembly whose webbing is designed
to pass through the seat cushion or between the seat cushion and seat
back shall be designed to maintain one of the following three seat belt
parts (the seat belt latchplate, the buckle, or the seat belt webbing)
on top of or above the seat cushion under normal conditions (i.e.,
conditions other than when belt hardware is intentionally pushed behind
the seat by a vehicle occupant). In addition, the remaining two seat
[[Page 614]]
belt parts must be accessible under normal conditions.
(b) The requirements of S7.4.6.1(a) do not apply to: (1) seats whose
seat cushions are movable so that the seat back serves a function other
than seating, (2) seats which are removable, or (3) seats which are
movable so that the space formerly occupied by the seat can be used for
a secondary function.
S7.4.6.2 The buckle and latchplate of a manual seat belt assembly
subject to S7.4.6.1 shall not pass through the guides or conduits
provided for in S7.4.6.1 and fall behind the seat when the events listed
below occur in the order specified: (a) The belt is completely retracted
or, if the belt is nonretractable, the belt is unlatched; (b) the seat
is moved to any position to which it is designed to be adjusted; and (c)
the seat back, if foldable, is folded forward as far as possible and
then moved backward into position. The inboard receptacle end of a seat
belt assembly installed at a front outboard designated seating position
shall be accessible with the center arm rest in any position to which it
can be adjusted (without having to move the armrest).
S8. Test conditions.
S8.1 General conditions. The following conditions apply to the
frontal, lateral, and rollover tests. Except for S8.1.1(d), the
following conditions apply to the alternative unbelted sled test set
forth in S13 from March 19, 1997 until September 1, 2001.
S8.1.1 Except as provided in paragraph (c) of S8.1.1, the vehicle,
including test devices and instrumentation, is loaded as follows:
(a) Passenger cars. A passenger car is loaded to its unloaded
vehicle weight plus its rated cargo and luggage capacity weight, secured
in the luggage area, plus the weight of the necessary anthropomorphic
test devices.
(b) Multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses. A
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus is loaded to its unloaded
vehicle weight plus 300 pounds or its rated cargo and luggage capacity
weight, whichever is less, secured in the load carrying area and
distributed as nearly as possible in proportion to its gross axle weight
ratings, plus the weight of the necessary anthropomorphic test devices.
For the purposes of Sec. 8.1.1, unloaded vehicle weight does not
include the weight of work-performing accessories. Vehicles are tested
to a maximum unloaded vehicle weight of 5,500 pounds.
(c) Fuel system capacity. With the test vehicle on a level surface,
pump the fuel from the vehicle's fuel tank and then operate the engine
until it stops. Then, add Stoddard solvent to the test vehicle's fuel
tank in an amount which is equal to not less than 92 and not more than
94 percent of the fuel tank's usable capacity stated by the vehicle's
manufacturer. In addition, add the amount of Stoddard solvent needed to
fill the entire fuel system from the fuel tank through the engine's
induction system.
(d) Vehicle test attitude. Determine the distance between a level
surface and a standard reference point on the test vehicle's body,
directly above each wheel opening, when the vehicle is in its ``as
delivered'' condition. The ``as delivered'' condition is the vehicle as
received at the test site, with 100 percent of all fluid capacities and
all tires inflated to the manufacturer's specifications as listed on the
vehicle's tire placard. Determine the distance between the same level
surface and the same standard reference points in the vehicle's ``fully
loaded condition.'' The ``fully loaded condition'' is the test vehicle
loaded in accordance with S8.1.1 (a) or (b), as applicable. The load
placed in the cargo area shall be center over the longitudinal
centerline of the vehicle. The pretest vehicle attitude shall be equal
to either the as delivered or fully loaded attitude or between the as
delivered attitude and the fully loaded attitude.
S8.1.2 Adjustable seats are in the adjustment position midway
between the forwardmost and rearmost positions, and if separately
adjustable in a vertical direction, are at the lowest position. If an
adjustment position does not exist midway between the forwardmost and
rearmost positions, the closest adjustment position to the rear of the
midpoint is used.
S8.1.3 Place adjustable seat backs in the manufacturer's nominal
design riding position in the manner specified
[[Page 615]]
by the manufacturer. Place any adjustable anchorages at the
manufacturer's nominal design position for a 50th percentile adult male
occupant. Place each adjustable head restraint in its highest adjustment
position. Adjustable lumbar supports are positioned so that the lumbar
support is in its lowest adjustment position.
S8.1.4 Adjustable steering controls are adjusted so that the
steering wheel hub is at the geometric center of the locus it describes
when it is moved through its full range of driving positions.
S8.1.5 Movable vehicle windows and vents are placed in the fully
closed position, unless the vehicle manufacturer chooses to specify a
different adjustment position prior to the time it certifies the
vehicle.
S8.1.6 Convertibles and open-body type vehicles have the top, if
any, in place in the closed passenger compartment configuration.
S8.1.7 Doors are fully closed and latched but not locked.
S8.1.8 Anthropomorphic test dummies.
S8.1.8.1 The anthropomorphic test dummies used for evaluation of
occupant protection systems manufactured pursuant to applicable portions
of S4.1.2, S4.1.3, and S4.1.4 of this standard shall conform to the
requirements of subpart E of part 572 of this chapter.
S8.1.8.2 Each test dummy is clothed in a form fitting cotton stretch
short sleeve shirt with above-the-elbow sleeves and above-the-knee
length pants. The weight of the shirt or pants shall not exceed 0.25
pounds each. Each foot of the test dummy is equipped with a size 11XW
shoe which meets the configuration size, sole, and heel thickness
specifications of MIL-S-13192 change ``P'' and whose weight is 1.25
0.2 pounds.
S8.1.8.3 Limb joints are set at 1g, barely restraining the weight of
the limb when extended horizontally. Leg joints are adjusted with the
torso in the supine position.
S8.1.8.4 Instrumentation does not affect the motion of the dummies
during impact or rollover.
S8.1.8.5 The stabilized test temperature of the test dummy is at any
temperature level between 69 degrees F and 72 degrees F, inclusive.
S8.2 Lateral moving barrier crash test conditions. The following
conditions apply to the lateral moving barrier crash test.
S8.2.1 The moving barrier, including the impact surface, supporting
structure, and carriage, weighs 4,000 pounds.
S8.2.2 The impact surface of the barrier is a vertical, rigid, flat
rectangle, 78 inches wide and 60 inches high, perpendicular to its
direction of movement, with its lower edge horizontal and 5 inches above
the ground surface.
S8.2.3 During the entire impact sequence the barrier undergoes no
significant amount of dynamic or static deformation, and absorbs no
significant portion of the energy resulting from the impact, except for
energy that results in translational rebound movement of the barrier.
S8.2.4 During the entire impact sequence the barrier is guided so
that it travels in a straight line, with no significant lateral,
vertical or rotational movement.
S8.2.5 The concrete surface upon which the vehicle is tested is
level, rigid and of uniform construction, with a skidnumber of 75 when
measured in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials
Method E-274-65T at 40 m.p.h., omitting water delivery as specified in
paragraph 7.1 of that method.
S8.2.6 The tested vehicle's brakes are disengaged and the
transmission is in neutral.
S8.2.7 The barrier and the test vehicle are positioned so that at
impact--
(a) The vehicle is at rest in its normal attitude;
(b) The barrier is traveling in a direction perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle at 20 m.p.h.; and
(c) A vertical plane through the geometric center of the barrier
impact surface and perpendicular to that surface passes through the
driver's seating reference point in the tested vehicle.
S8.3 Rollover test conditions. The following conditions apply to the
rollover test.
S8.3.1 The tested vehicle's brakes are disengaged and the
transmission is in neutral.
S8.3.2 The concrete surface on which the test is conducted is level,
rigid, of
[[Page 616]]
uniform construction, and of a sufficient size that the vehicle remains
on it throughout the entire rollover cycle. It has a skid number of 75
when measured in accordance with American Society for Testing and
Materials Method E-274-65T at 40 m.p.h. omitting water delivery as
specified in paragraph 7.1 of that method.
S8.3.3 The vehicle is placed on a device, similar to that
illustrated in Figure 2, having a platform in the form of a flat, rigid
plane at an angle of 23[deg] from the horizontal. At the lower edge of
the platform is an unyielding flange, perpendicular to the platform with
a height of 4 inches and a length sufficient to hold in place the tires
that rest against it. The intersection of the inner face of the flange
with the upper face of the platform is 9 inches above the rollover
surface. No other restraints are used to hold the vehicle in position
during the deceleration of the platform and the departure of the
vehicle.
S8.3.4 With the vehicle on the test platform, the test devices
remain as nearly as possible in the posture specified in S8.1.
S8.3.5 Before the deceleration pulse, the platform is moving
horizontally, and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle, at a constant speed of 30 m.p.h. for a sufficient period of
time for the vehicle to become motionless relative to the platform.
S8.3.6 The platform is decelerated from 30 to 0 m.p.h. in a distance
of not more than 3 feet, without change of direction and without
transverse or rotational movement during the deceleration of the
platform and the departure of the vehicle. The deceleration rate is at
least 20g for a minimum of 0.04 seconds.
S8.4 Frontal test condition. If the vehicle is equipped with a
cutoff device permitted by S4.5.4 of this standard, the device is
deactivated.
S9. Pressure vessels and explosive devices.
S9.1 Pressure vessels. A pressure vessel that is continuously
pressurized shall conform to the requirements of Sec. Sec. 178.65-2,
178.65-6(b), 178.65-7, 178.65-9 (a) and (b), and 178.65-10 of this
title. It shall not leak or evidence visible distortion when tested in
accordance with Sec. 178.65-11(a) of this title and shall not fail in
any of the ways enumerated in Sec. 178.65-11(b) of this title when
hydrostatically tested to destruction. It shall not crack when flattened
in accordance with Sec. 178.65-12(a) of this title to the limit
specified in Sec. 178.65-12(a)(4) of this title.
S9.2 Explosive devices. An explosive device shall not exhibit any of
the characteristics prohibited by Sec. 173.51 of this title. All
explosive material shall be enclosed in a structure that is capable of
containing the explosive energy without sudden release of pressure
except through overpressure relief devices or parts designed to release
the pressure during actuation.
S10. Test dummy positioning procedures.
S10.1 Head. The transverse instrumentation platform of the head
shall be level within \1/2\ degree. To level the head of the test dummy,
the following sequences must be followed. First, adjust the position of
the H point within the limits set forth in S10.4.2.1 to level the
transverse instrumentation platform of the head of the test dummy. If
the transverse instrumentation platform of the head is still not level,
then adjust the pelvic angle of the test dummy within the limits
specified in S10.4.2.2 of this standard. If the transverse
instrumentation platform of the head is still not level, then adjust the
neck bracket of the dummy the minimum amount necessary from the non-
adjusted ``0'' setting to ensure that the transverse instrumentation
platform of the head is horizontal within \1/2\ degree. The test dummy
shall remain within the limits specified in S10.4.2.1 and S10.4.2.2.
after any adjustment of the neck bracket.
S10.2 Upper Arms.
S10.2.1 The driver's upper arms shall be adjacent to the torso with
the centerlines as close to a vertical plane as possible.
S10.2.2 The passenger's upper arms shall be in contact with the seat
back and the sides of the torso.
S10.3 Hands.
S10.3.1 The palms of the drivers test dummy shall be in contact with
the outer part of the steering wheel rim at the rim's horizontal
centerline. The thumbs shall be over the steering
[[Page 617]]
wheel rim and shall be lightly taped to the steering wheel rim so that
if the hand of the test dummy is pushed upward by a force of not less
than 2 pounds and not more than 5 pounds, the tape shall release the
hand from the steering wheel rim.
S10.3.2 The palms of the passenger test dummy shall be in contact
with the outside of the thigh. The little finger shall be in contact
with the seat cushion.
S10.4 Torso.
S10.4.1 Upper Torso.
S10.4.1.1 In vehicles equipped with bench seats, the upper torso of
the driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the seat back.
The midsagittal plane of the driver dummy shall be vertical and parallel
to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and pass through the center of
the steering wheel rim. The midsagittal plane of the passenger dummy
shall be vertical and parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline
and the same distance from the vehicle's longitudinal centerline as the
midsagittal plane of the driver dummy.
S10.4.1.2 In vehicles equipped with bucket seats, the upper torso of
the driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the seat back.
The midsagittal plane of the driver and the passenger dummy shall be
vertical and shall coincide with the longitudinal centerline of the
bucket seat.
S10.4.2 Lower Torso.
S10.4.2.1 H-point. The H-points of the driver and passenger test
dummies shall coincide within \1/2\ inch in the vertical dimension and
\1/2\ inch in the horizontal dimension of a point \1/4\ inch below the
position of the H-point determined by using the equipment and procedures
specified in SAE J826 (APR 1980) except that the length of the lower leg
and thigh segments of the H-point machine shall be adjusted to 16.3 and
15.8 inches, respectively, instead of the 50th percentile values
specified in Table 1 of SAE J826.
S10.4.2.2 Pelvic angle. As determined using the pelvic angle gage
(GM drawing 78051-532, incorporated by reference in part 572, subpart E
of this chapter) which is inserted into the H-point gaging hole of the
dummy, the angle measured from the horizontal on the three inch flat
surface of the gage shall be 22\1/2\ degrees plus or minus 2\1/2\
degrees.
S10.5 Legs. The upper legs of the driver and passenger test dummies
shall rest against the seat cushion to the extent permitted by placement
of the feet. The initial distance between the outboard knee clevis
flange surfaces shall be 10.6 inches. To the extent practicable, the
left leg of the driver dummy and both legs of the passenger dummy shall
be in vertical longitudinal planes. To the extent practicable, the right
leg of the driver dummy shall be in a vertical plane. Final adjustment
to accommodate the placement of feet in accordance with S10.6 for
various passenger compartment configurations is permitted.
S10.6 Feet.
S10.6.1 Driver's position.
S10.6.1.1 If the vehicle has an adjustable accelerator pedal, adjust
it to the full forward position. Rest the right foot of the test dummy
on the undepressed accelerator pedal with the rearmost point of the heel
on the floor pan in the plane of the pedal. If the foot cannot be placed
on the accelerator pedal, set it initially perpendicular to the lower
leg and then place it as far forward as possible in the direction of the
pedal centerline with the rearmost point of the heel resting on the
floor pan. If the vehicle has an adjustable accelerator pedal and the
right foot is not touching the accelerator pedal when positioned as
above, move the pedal rearward until it touches the right foot. If the
accelerator pedal still does not touch the foot in the full rearward
position, leave the pedal in that position.
S10.6.1.2 Place the left foot on the toeboard with the rearmost
point of the heel resting on the floor pan as close as possible to the
point of intersection of the planes described by the toeboard and the
floor pan and not on the wheelwell projection. If the foot cannot be
positioned on the toeboard, set it initially perpendicular to the lower
leg and place it as far forward as possible with the heel resting on the
floor pan. If necessary to avoid contact with the vehicle's brake or
clutch pedal, rotate the test dummy's left foot about the lower leg. If
there is still
[[Page 618]]
pedal interference, rotate the left leg outboard about the hip the
minimum distance necessary to avoid the pedal interference. For vehicles
with a foot rest that does not elevate the left foot above the level of
the right foot, place the left foot on the foot rest so that the upper
and lower leg centerlines fall in a vertical plane.
S10.6.2 Passenger's position.
S10.6.2.1 Vehicles with a flat floor pan/toeboard. Place the right
and left feet on the vehicle's toeboard with the heels resting on the
floor pan as close as possible to the intersection point with the
toeboard. If the feet cannot be placed flat on the toeboard, set them
perpendicular to the lower leg centerlines and place them as far forward
as possible with the heels resting on the floor pan.
S10.6.2.2 Vehicles with wheelhouse projections in passenger
compartment. Place the right and left feet in the well of the floor pan/
toeboard and not on the wheelhouse projection. If the feet cannot be
placed flat on the toeboard, initially set them perpendicular to the
lower leg centerlines and then place them as far forward as possible
with the heels resting on the floor pan.
S10.7 Test dummy positioning for latchplate access. The reach
envelopes specified in S7.4.4 of this standard are obtained by
positioning a test dummy in the driver's or passenger's seating position
and adjusting that seating position to its forwardmost adjustment
position. Attach the lines for the inboard and outboard arms to the test
dummy as described in Figure 3 of this standard. Extend each line
backward and outboard to generate the compliance arcs of the outboard
reach envelope of the test dummy's arms.
S10.8 Test dummy positioning for belt contact force. To determine
compliance with S7.4.3 of this standard, position the test dummy in the
vehicle in accordance with S10.1 through S10.6 of this standard and
adjust the seating position in accordance with S8.1.2 and S8.1.3 of this
standard. Pull the belt webbing three inches from the test dummy's chest
and release until the webbing is within one inch of the test dummy's
chest and measure the belt contact force.
S10.9 Manual belt adjustment for dynamic testing. With the test
dummy positioned in accordance with S10.1 through S10.6 of this standard
and the seating position adjusted in accordance with S8.1.2 and S8.1.3
of this standard, place the Type 2 manual belt around the test dummy and
fasten the latch. Remove all slack from the lap belt portion. Pull the
upper torso webbing out of the retractor and allow it to retract; repeat
this four times. Apply a 2 to 4 pound tension load to the lap belt. If
the belt system is equipped with a tension-relieving device, introduce
the maximum amount of slack into the upper torso belt that is
recommended by the vehicle manufacturer in the vehicle's owner's manual.
If the belt system is not equipped with a tension-relieving device,
allow the excess webbing in the upper torso belt to be retracted by the
retractive force of the retractor.
S11. [Reserved]
S12. Temporary Exemption from Requirement for Inflatable Restraint
System.
S12.1 Scope. This section establishes procedures for filing and
processing applications for temporary exemption from the requirements in
this standard that vehicles be equipped with inflatable restraint
systems.
S12.2 Definitions.
Line means a name that a manufacturer applies to a group of motor
vehicles of the same make which have the same body or chassis, or
otherwise are similar in construction or design. A line may, for
example, include 2-door, 4-door, station wagon, and hatchback vehicles
of the same make.
S12.3 Standard of review. In order to receive a temporary exemption
from the inflatable restraint requirement, a vehicle manufacturer must
demonstrate in its application that there has been a disruption in the
supply of one or more inflatable restraint system components, or a
disruption in the use and installation by the manufacturer of any such
component due to unavoidable events not under the control of the
manufacturer, which will prevent a manufacturer from meeting its
anticipated production volume of vehicles with inflatable restraint
systems.
S12.4 Exemption applications--General requirements. Each application
for a
[[Page 619]]
temporary exemption from the inflatable restraint requirements must--
(a) Be written in the English language;
(b) Be submitted in three copies to: Administrator, National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC
20590;
(c) State the full name and address of the manufacturer, the nature
of its organization (individual, partnership, corporation, etc.), and
the name of the State or country under the laws of which it is
organized;
(d) Identify the motor vehicle line or lines for which the temporary
exemption is being sought;
(e) Set forth in full the data, views, and arguments of the
manufacturer that would support granting the temporary exemption,
including the specific information required by S12.5; and
(f) Specify and segregate any part of the information and data
submitted in the application that should be withheld from public
disclosure in accordance with part 512 of this chapter.
S12.5 Exemption applications--Specific content requirements. Each
application for a temporary exemption from the inflatable restraint
requirement must include:
(a) A clear and specific identification of any component in the
inflatable restraint system that has become unavailable due to
circumstances beyond the manufacturer's control, and a diagram showing
the location of such component within the restraint system and within
the vehicle;
(b) A clear and specific explanation of the cause or causes of the
disruption in the supply of the component, and a showing that such
disruption is beyond the control of the manufacturer;
(c) An estimate of the length of time that will be needed to correct
the disruption and again incorporate the subject components into current
production, or an explanation of why it is not possible to provide such
an estimate;
(d) A complete statement of the bases for the manufacturer's belief
that NHTSA should grant a temporary exemption in response to this
application;
(e) An unconditional statement by the manufacturer that it will
recall every vehicle for which a temporary exemption is requested in the
application, to install all missing inflatable restraint systems;
(f) A plan setting forth steps the manufacturer will take to ensure
that as many exempted vehicles as possible will be returned for
installation of missing inflatable restraint systems;
(g) A proposed reasonable period of time after the disruption in the
supply of inflatable restraint system components is corrected that the
manufacturer estimates will ensure a sufficient quantity of components
for both anticipated production and retrofit of those vehicles for which
a temporary exemption is requested in the application, so that the
vehicle manufacturer can recall those vehicles for which a temporary
exemption is requested and install inflatable restraint systems in them,
together with a demonstration of why the manufacturer believes this
proposed period of time is reasonable for completing this recall, or an
explanation of why it is not possible to provide such an estimate;
(h) A proposed date for termination of the exemption;
(i) A proposed date by which all exempted vehicles will have been
recalled and had inflatable restraints installed (assuming owners
returned their vehicles in a timely matter in response to a first notice
by the manufacturer), or an explanation of why it is not possible to
provide such an estimate.
S12.6 Processing an application for a temporary exemption. (a) NHTSA
will process any application for temporary exemption that contains the
information specified in S12.4 and S12.5. If an application fails to
provide the information specified in S12.4 and S12.5, NHTSA will not
process the application, but will advise the manufacturer of the
information that must be provided if the agency is to process the
application.
(b) Notice of each application for temporary exemption shall be
published in the Federal Register.
(c) NHTSA will issue its decision to grant or deny the requested
temporary exemption not later than 15 days after
[[Page 620]]
the agency receives a complete petition, as defined in paragraph (a).
However, a failure to issue a decision within this time does not result
in a grant of the petition.
(d) Notice of each decision to grant or deny a temporary exemption,
and the reasons for granting or denying it, will be published in the
Federal Register.
(e) The Administrator may attach such conditions as he or she deems
appropriate to a temporary exemption, including but not limited to
requiring manufacturers to provide progress reports at specified times
(including, as appropriate and to the extent possible, estimate of dates
and times concerning when a supply disruption will be corrected and when
recall will take place) and requiring manufacturers to take specific
steps to ensure that as many exempted vehicles as possible will be
returned for installation of missing inflatable restraint systems.
(f) Unless a later effective date is specified in a notice
announcing an agency decision to grant a temporary exemption, a
temporary exemption from the inflatable restraint requirement will
become effective upon the date the decision is issued.
S12.7 Labels and written notice announcing temporary exemption.
S12.7.1 It shall be a condition of every temporary exemption from
the inflatable restraint requirement that the manufacturer of exempted
vehicles comply with the provisions of S12.7.2 and S12.7.3.
S12.7.2 (a) The manufacturer of any vehicle granted a temporary
exemption from the inflatable restraint requirement shall affix a label
within the passenger compartment of such vehicle. The label shall set
forth the following information in block capital letters and numerals
not less than three thirty-seconds of an inch high:
THIS VEHICLE DOES NOT CONTAIN AN AIR BAG IN CONFORMANCE WITH THE FEDERAL
MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARD FOR OCCUPANT CRASH PROTECTION. IT WAS
EXEMPTED PURSUANT TO NHTSA EXEMPTION NO. (insert number assigned by
NHTSA).
(b) This label shall not be removed until after the vehicle
manufacturer has recalled the vehicle and installed an inflatable
restraint system at those seating positions for which it was granted an
exemption.
S12.7.3 The manufacturer of any vehicle that is delivered without an
inflatable restraint system, pursuant to a temporary exemption granted
under this section, shall, at the time of delivery of the vehicle,
provide a written notice to the dealer to whom the vehicle is delivered.
The manufacturer shall also provide a written notice by registered mail
to the first purchaser of the vehicle for purposes other than resale,
within two weeks after purchase. Unless otherwise provided for by the
Administrator in the exemption, such notice shall provide the following
information:
(a) This vehicle does not conform to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard No. 208, because it is not equipped with an inflatable
restraint at (insert the affected seating positions).
(b) The vehicle was allowed to be sold pursuant to NHTSA Exemption
No. (insert appropriate exemption number).
(c) The reason this vehicle was exempted from the requirement for an
inflatable restraint was because of factors beyond the manufacturer's
control.
(d) The manufacturer will recall this vehicle not later than (insert
the time set forth in the exemption) and install the missing inflatable
restraint at no charge.
(e) If the reader has any questions or would like some further
information, he or she may contact the manufacturer at (insert an
address and telephone number).
S13 Alternative unbelted test available, under S3(b) of this
standard, for certain vehicles manufactured before September 1, 2006.
S13.1 Instrumentation for Impact Test--Part 1--Electronic
Instrumentation. Under the applicable conditions of S8, mount the
vehicle on a dynamic test platform at the vehicle attitude set forth in
S13.3, so that the longitudinal center line of the vehicle is parallel
to the direction of the test platform travel and so that movement
between the base of the vehicle and the test platform is prevented. The
test platform is instrumented with an accelerometer and data processing
system having a
[[Page 621]]
frequency response of 60 channel class as specified in SAE J211/1 rev.
Mar 95 (see S4.7). The accelerometer sensitive axis is parallel to the
direction of test platform travel. The test is conducted at a velocity
change approximating 48 km/h (30 mph) with acceleration of the test
platform such that all points on the crash pulse curve within the
corridor identified in Figure 6 are covered. An inflatable restraint is
to be activated at 20 ms 2 ms from the time that
0.5 g is measured on the dynamic test platform. The test dummy specified
in S8.1.8, placed in each front outboard designated seating position as
specified in S10, excluding S10.7, S10.8, and S10.9, shall meet the
injury criteria of S6.1, S6.2(a), S6.3, S6.4(a), S6.5, and S13.2 of this
standard.
S13.2 Neck injury criteria. A vehicle certified to this alternative
test requirement shall, in addition to meeting the criteria specified in
S13.1, meet the following injury criteria for the neck, measured with
the six axis load cell (ref. Denton drawing C-1709) that is mounted
between the bottom of the skull and the top of the neck as shown in
Drawing 78051-218, in the unbelted sled test:
(a) Flexion Bending Moment (calculated at the occipital condyle)--
190 Nm. SAE Class 600.
(b) Extension Bending Moment (calculated at the occipital condyle)--
57 Nm. SAE Class 600.
(c) Axial Tension--3300 peak N. SAE Class 1000.
(d) Axial Compression--4000 peak N. SAE Class 1000.
(e) Fore-and-Aft Shear--3100 peak N. SAE Class 1000.
S13.3 Vehicle test attitude. When the vehicle is in its ``as
delivered'' condition, measure the angle between the driver's door sill
and the horizontal. Mark where the angle is taken on the door sill. The
``as delivered'' condition is the vehicle as received at the test site,
with 100 percent of all fluid capacities and all tires inflated to the
manufacturer's specifications as listed on the vehicle's tire placard.
When the vehicle is in its ``fully loaded'' condition, measure the angle
between the driver's door sill and the horizontal, at the same place the
``as delivered'' angle was measured. The ``fully loaded'' condition is
the test vehicle loaded in accordance with S8.1.1(a) or (b) of Standard
No. 208, as applicable. The load placed in the cargo area shall be
centered over the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle. The pretest
door sill angle, when the vehicle is on the sled, (measured at the same
location as the as delivered and fully loaded condition) shall be equal
to or between the as delivered and fully loaded door sill angle
measurements.
S13.4 Tires and wheels. Remove the tires and wheels.
S13.5. Vehicle Securing. The engine, transmissions, axles, exhaust,
vehicle frame, and vehicle body may be rigidly secured to the vehicle
and/or the sled, and fluids, batteries and unsecured components may be
removed, in order to assure that all points on the crash pulse curve are
within the corridor defined in Figure 6.
S14 Advanced air bag requirements for passenger cars and for trucks,
buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 3,855 kg (8500
pounds) or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 2,495 kg (5500 pounds)
or less, except for walk-in van-type trucks or vehicles designed to be
sold exclusively to the U.S. Postal Service.
S14.1 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2003, and
before September 1, 2006. (a) For vehicles manufactured for sale in the
United States on or after September 1, 2003, and before September 1,
2006, a percentage of the manufacturer's production, as specified in
S14.1.1, shall meet the requirements specified in S14.5.1(a), S14.5.2,
S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 (in addition to the other
requirements specified in this standard).
(b) Manufacturers that sell three or fewer carlines, as that term is
defined at 49 CFR 585.4, in the United States may, at the option of the
manufacturer, meet the requirements of this paragraph instead of
paragraph (a) of this section. At least 95 percent of the vehicles
manufactured by the manufacturer on or after September 1, 2005 and
before September 1, 2006 shall meet the requirements specified in
S14.5.1(a), S14.5.2, S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 (in
addition to the other requirements specified in this standard).
[[Page 622]]
(c) Vehicles that are manufactured in two or more stages or that are
altered (within the meaning of 49 CFR 567.7) after having previously
been certified in accordance with Part 567 of this chapter are not
subject to the requirements of S14.1.
(d) Vehicles that are manufactured by an original vehicle
manufacturer that produces or assembles fewer than 5,000 vehicles
annually for sale in the United States are not subject to the
requirements of S14.1.
S14.1.1 Phase-in schedule.
S14.1.1.1 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2003, and
before September 1, 2004. Subject to S14.1.2(a), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2003, and before
September 1, 2004, the amount of vehicles complying with S14.5.1(a),
S14.5.2, S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25, shall be not less
than 20 percent of:
(a) If the manufacturer has manufactured vehicles for sale in the
United States during both of the two production years prior to September
1, 2003, the manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles
manufactured on or after September 1, 2001, and before September 1,
2004, or
(b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2003, and
before September 1, 2004.
S14.1.1.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2004, and
before September 1, 2005. Subject to S14.1.2(b), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2004, and before
September 1, 2005, the amount of vehicles complying with S14.5.1(a),
S14.5.2, S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 shall be not less
than 65 percent of:
(a) If the manufacturer has manufactured vehicles for sale in the
United States during both of the two production years prior to September
1, 2004, the manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles
manufactured on or after September 1, 2002, and before September 1,
2005, or
(b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2004, and
before September 1, 2005.
S14.1.1.3 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2005, and
before September 1, 2006. Subject to S14.1.2(c), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2005, and before
September 1, 2006, the amount of vehicles complying with S14.5.1(a),
S14.5.2, S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 shall be 100 percent
of the manufacturer's production during that period.
S14.1.2 Calculation of complying vehicles.
(a) For the purposes of complying with S14.1.1.1, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it is manufactured on or after June 12, 2000, but
before September 1, 2004.
(b) For purposes of complying with S14.1.1.2, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after June 12, 2000, but before September
1, 2005, and
(2) Is not counted toward compliance with S14.1.1.1.
(c) For purposes of complying with S14.1.1.3, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after June 12, 2000, but before September
1, 2006, and (2) Is not counted toward compliance with S14.1.1.1 or
S14.1.1.2.
S14.1.3 Vehicles produced by more than one manufacturer.
S14.1.3.1 For the purpose of calculating average annual production
of vehicles for each manufacturer and the number of vehicles
manufactured by each manufacturer under S14.1.1, a vehicle produced by
more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to a single manufacturer
as follows, subject to S14.1.3.2.
(a) A vehicle that is imported shall be attributed to the importer.
(b) A vehicle manufactured in the United States by more than one
manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be attributed
to the manufacturer that markets the vehicle.
S14.1.3.2 A vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer shall be
attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified by an
express written contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration under 49 CFR Part 585, between the manufacturer so
specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle would otherwise be
attributed under S14.1.3.1.
[[Page 623]]
S14.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2006. Each
vehicle shall meet the requirements specified in S14.5.1(a), S14.5.2,
S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 (in addition to the other
requirements specified in this standard).
S14.3 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2007, and
before September 1, 2010.
(a) For vehicles manufactured for sale in the United States on or
after September 1, 2007, and before September 1, 2010, a percentage of
the manufacturer's production, as specified in S14.3.1, shall meet the
requirements specified in S14.5.1(b) (in addition to the other
requirements of this standard).
(b) Manufacturers that sell two or fewer carlines, as that term is
defined at 49 CFR 583.4, in the United States may, at the option of the
manufacturer, meet the requirements of this paragraph instead of
paragraph (a) of this section. Each vehicle manufactured on or after
September 1, 2008, and before September 1, 2010, shall meet the
requirements specified in S14.5.1(b) (in addition to the other
requirements specified in this standard).
(c) Vehicles that are manufactured in two or more stages or that are
altered (within the meaning of 49 CFR 567.7) after having been
previously certified in accordance with Part 567 of this chapter are not
subject to the requirements of S14.3.
(d) Vehicles that are manufactured by an original vehicle
manufacturer that produces or assembles fewer than 5,000 vehicles
annually for sale in the United States are not subject to the
requirements of S14.3.
S14.3.1 Phase-in schedule.
S14.3.1.1 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2007, and
before September 1, 2008. Subject to S14.3.2(a), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2007, and before
September 1, 2008, the amount of vehicles complying with S14.5.1(b),
S14.5.2, S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25, shall be not less
than 35 percent of:
(a) If the manufacturer has manufactured vehicles for sale in the
United States during both of the two production years prior to September
1, 2007, the manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles
manufactured on or after September 1, 2005, and before September 1,
2008, or
(b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2007, and
before September 1, 2008.
S14.3.1.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2008, and
before September 1, 2009. Subject to S14.3.2(b), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2008, and before
September 1, 2009, the amount of vehicles complying with S14.5.1(b),
S14.5.2, S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 shall be not less
than 65 percent of:
(a) If the manufacturer has manufactured vehicles for sale in the
United States during both of the two production years prior to September
1, 2008, the manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles
manufactured on or after September 1, 2006 and before September 1, 2009,
or
(b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2008, and
before September 1, 2009.
S14.3.1.3 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2009, and
before September 1, 2010. Subject to S14.3.2(c), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2009, and before
September 1, 2010, the amount of vehicles complying with S14.5.1(b),
S14.5.2, S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 shall be 100 percent
of the manufacturer's production during that period.
S14.3.2 Calculation of complying vehicles.
(a) For the purposes of complying with S14.3.1.1, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it is manufactured on or after September 1, 2006, but
before September 1, 2008.
(b) For purposes of complying with S14.3.1.2, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 2006, but before
September 1, 2009, and
(2) Is not counted toward compliance with S14.3.1.1.
(c) For purposes of complying with S14.3.1.3, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it:
[[Page 624]]
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 2006, but before
September 1, 2010, and
(2) Is not counted toward compliance with S14.3.1.1 or S14.3.1.2.
S14.3.3 Vehicles produced by more than one manufacturer.
S14.3.3.1 For the purpose of calculating average annual production
of vehicles for each manufacturer and the number of vehicles
manufactured by each manufacturer under S14.3.1, a vehicle produced by
more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to a single manufacturer
as follows, subject to S14.3.3.2.
(a) A vehicle that is imported shall be attributed to the importer.
(b) A vehicle manufactured in the United States by more than one
manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be attributed
to the manufacturer that markets the vehicle.
S14.3.3.2 A vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer shall be
attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified by an
express written contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration under 49 CFR Part 585, between the manufacturer so
specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle would otherwise be
attributed under S14.3.3.1.
S14.4 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2010. Each
vehicle shall meet the requirements specified in S14.5.1(b), S14.5.2,
S15.1, S15.2, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 (in addition to the other
requirements specified in this standard).
S14.5 Barrier test requirements using 50th percentile adult male
dummies.
S14.5.1 Rigid barrier belted test. (a) Each vehicle that is
certified as complying with S14.1 or S14.2 shall, at each front outboard
designated seating position, meet the injury criteria specified in S6.1,
S6.2(b), S6.3, S6.4(b), S6.5, and S6.6 when tested under S5.1.1(b)(1).
(b) Each vehicle that is certified as complying with S14.3 or S14.4
shall, at each front outboard designated seating position, meet the
injury criteria specified in S6.1, S6.2(b), S6.3, S6.4(b), S6.5, and
S6.6 when tested under S5.1.1(b)(2).
S14.5.2 Rigid barrier unbelted test. Each vehicle that is certified
as complying with S14 shall, at each front outboard designated seating
position, meet the injury criteria specified in S6.1, S6.2(b), S6.3,
S6.4(b), S6.5, and S6.6 when tested under S5.1.2(b).
S14.6 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2009, and
before September 1, 2012 (Phase-in of higher maximum speed (56 km/h (35
mph)) belted test requirement using 5th percentile adult female
dummies).
(a) For vehicles manufactured for sale in the United States on or
after September 1, 2009, and before September 1, 2012, a percentage of
the manufacturer's production, as specified in S14.6.1, shall meet the
requirements specified in S15.1(b) (in addition to the other
requirements specified in this standard).
(b) Manufacturers that sell two or fewer carlines, as that term is
defined at 49 CFR 583.4, in the United States may, at the option of the
manufacturer, meet the requirements of this paragraph instead of
paragraph (a) of this section. Each vehicle manufactured on or after
September 1, 2010, and before September 1, 2012, shall meet the
requirements specified in S15.1(b) (in addition to the other
requirements specified in this standard).
(c) Vehicles that are manufactured in two or more stages or that are
altered (within the meaning of 49 CFR 567.7) after having previously
been certified in accordance with Part 567 of this chapter are not
subject to the requirements of S14.6.
(d) Vehicles that are manufactured by a manufacturer that produces
fewer than 5,000 vehicles worldwide annually are not subject to the
requirements of S14.6.
S14.6.1 Phase-in schedule.
S14.6.1.1 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2009, and
before September 1, 2010. Subject to S14.6.2(a), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2009, and before
September 1, 2010, the amount of vehicles complying with S15.1(b) shall
be not less than 35 percent of:
(a) If the manufacturer has manufactured vehicles for sale in the
United States during both of the two production years prior to September
1, 2009, the manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles
manufactured on or after September 1, 2007, and before September 1,
2010, or
[[Page 625]]
(b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2009, and
before September 1, 2010.
S14.6.1.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2010, and
before September 1, 2011. Subject to S14.6.2(b), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2010, and before
September 1, 2011, the amount of vehicles complying with S15.1(b) shall
be not less than 65 percent of:
(a) If the manufacturer has manufactured vehicles for sale in the
United States during both of the two production years prior to September
1, 2010, the manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles
manufactured on or after September 1, 2008 and before September 1, 2011,
or
(b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2010, and
before September 1, 2011.
S14.6.1.3 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2011, and
before September 1, 2012. Subject to S14.6.2(c), for vehicles
manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2011, and before
September 1, 2012, the amount of vehicles complying with S15.1(b) shall
be 100 percent of the manufacturer's production during that period.
S14.6.2 Calculation of complying vehicles.
(a) For the purposes of complying with S14.6.1.1, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it is manufactured on or after September 1, 2009, but
before September 1, 2010.
(b) For purposes of complying with S14.6.1.2, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 2009, but before
September 1, 2011, and
(2) Is not counted toward compliance with S14.6.1.1.
(c) For purposes of complying with S14.6.1.3, a manufacturer may
count a vehicle if it:
(1) Is manufactured on or after September 1, 2009, but before
September 1, 2012, and
(2) Is not counted toward compliance with S14.6.1.1 or S14.6.1.2.
S14.6.3 Vehicles produced by more than one manufacturer.
S14.6.3.1 For the purpose of calculating average annual production
of vehicles for each manufacturer and the number of vehicles
manufactured by each manufacturer under S14.6.1, a vehicle produced by
more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to a single manufacturer
as follows, subject to S14.6.3.2.
(a) A vehicle that is imported shall be attributed to the importer.
(b) A vehicle manufactured in the United States by more than one
manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be attributed
to the manufacturer that markets the vehicle.
S14.6.3.2 A vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer shall be
attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified by an
express written contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration under 49 CFR Part 585, between the manufacturer so
specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle would otherwise be
attributed under S14.6.3.1.
S14.7 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2012. (Higher
maximum speed (56km/h (35 mph)) belted test requirement using 5th
percentile adult female dummies). Each vehicle shall meet the
requirements specified in S15.1(b) (in addition to the other
requirements specified in this standard). However, vehicles that are
manufactured in two or more stages or that are altered (within the
meaning of 49 CFR 567.7) after having been previously certified in
accordance with Part 567 of this chapter may comply with the
requirements specified in S15.1(a) instead of S15.1(b), if they are
manufactured before September 1, 2013.
S15 Rigid barrier test requirements using 5th percentile adult
female dummies.
S15.1 Belted Test. (a) Each vehicle that is certified as complying
with S14.1 or S14.2 shall, at each front outboard designated seating
position, meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3 when tested under
S16.1(a)(1).
(b) Each vehicle that is certified as complying with S14.6 or S14.7
shall, at each front outboard designated seating position, meet the
injury criteria specified in S15.3 when tested under S16.1(a)(2).
S15.2 Unbelted test. Each vehicle that is certified as complying
with S14
[[Page 626]]
shall, at each front outboard designated seating position, meet the
injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard when the vehicle is
crash tested in accordance with the procedures specified in S16.1(b) of
this standard with the anthropomorphic test devices unbelted.
S15.3 Injury criteria for the 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart O Hybrid III
5th percentile female test dummy.
S15.3.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within the
outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment.
S15.3.2 Head injury criteria. (a) For any two points in time,
t1 and t2, during the event which are separated by
not more than a 15 millisecond time interval and where t1 is
less than t2, the head injury criterion (HIC15)
shall be determined using the resultant head acceleration at the center
of gravity of the dummy head, ar, expressed as a multiple of
g (the acceleration of gravity) and shall be calculated using the
expression:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12MY00.005
(b) The maximum calculated HIC15 value shall not exceed
700.
S15.3.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the
thoracic instrumentation shall not exceed 60 g's, except for intervals
whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
S15.3.4 Compression deflection of the sternum relative to the spine,
as determined by instrumentation, shown shall not exceed 52 mm (2.0 in).
S15.3.5 The force transmitted axially through each femur shall not
exceed 6805 N (1530 lb).
S15.3.6 Neck injury. When measuring neck injury, each of the
following injury criteria shall be met.
(a) Nij.
(1) The shear force (Fx), axial force (Fz), and bending moment (My)
shall be measured by the dummy upper neck load cell for the duration of
the crash event as specified in S4.11. Shear force, axial force, and
bending moment shall be filtered for Nij purposes at SAE J211/1 rev. Mar
95 Channel Frequency Class 600 (see S4.7).
(2) During the event, the axial force (Fz) can be either in tension
or compression while the occipital condyle bending moment (Mocy) can be
in either flexion or extension. This results in four possible loading
conditions for Nij: Tension-extension (Nte), tension-flexion (Ntf),
compression-extension (Nce), or compression-flexion (Ncf).
(3) When calculating Nij using equation S15.3.6(a)(4), the critical
values, Fzc and Myc, are:
(i) Fzc = 4287 N (964 lbf) when Fz is in tension
(ii) Fzc = 3880 N (872 lbf) when Fz is in compression
(iii) Myc = 155 Nm (114 lbf-ft) when a flexion moment exists at the
occipital condyle
(iv) Myc = 67 Nm (49 lbf-ft) when an extension moment exists at the
occipital condyle.
(4) At each point in time, only one of the four loading conditions
occurs and the Nij value corresponding to that loading condition is
computed and the three remaining loading modes shall be considered a
value of zero. The expression for calculating each Nij loading condition
is given by:
Nij = (Fz/Fzc) + (Mocy/Myc)
(5) None of the four Nij values shall exceed 1.0 at any time during
the event.
(b) Peak tension. Tension force (Fz), measured at the upper neck
load cell, shall not exceed 2620 N (589 lbf) at any time.
(c) Peak compression. Compression force (Fz), measured at the upper
neck load cell, shall not exceed 2520 N (566 lbf) at any time.
S15.3.7 Unless otherwise indicated, instrumentation for data
acquisition, data channel frequency class, and moment calculations are
the same as given for the 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart O Hybrid III 5th
percentile female test dummy.
S16. Test procedures for rigid barrier test requirements using 5th
percentile adult female dummies.
S16.1 General provisions. Crash testing to determine compliance with
the requirements of S15 of this standard is conducted as specified in
the following paragraphs (a) and (b).
[[Page 627]]
(a) Belted test--(1) Vehicles certified to S14.1 or S14.2. Place a
49 CFR Part 572 Subpart O 5th percentile adult female test dummy at each
front outboard seating position of a vehicle, in accordance with the
procedures specified in S16.3 of this standard. Impact the vehicle
traveling longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 48
km/h (30 mph), into a fixed rigid barrier that is perpendicular within a
tolerance of 5 degrees to the line of travel of
the vehicle under the applicable conditions of S16.2 of this standard.
(2) Vehicles certified to S14.6 or S14.7. Place a 49 CFR Part 572
Subpart O 5th percentile adult female test dummy at each front outboard
seating position of a vehicle, in accordance with the procedures
specified in S16.3 of this standard. Impact the vehicle traveling
longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 56km/h (35
mph), into a fixed rigid barrier that is perpendicular within a
tolerance of 5 degrees to the line of travel of
the vehicle under the applicable conditions of S16.2 of this standard.
(b) Unbelted test. Place a 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart O 5th percentile
adult female test dummy at each front outboard seating position of a
vehicle, in accordance with the procedures specified in S16.3 of this
standard, except S16.3.5. Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally
forward at any speed, from 32 km/h (20 mph) to 40 km/h (25 mph),
inclusive, into a fixed rigid barrier that is perpendicular within a
tolerance of 5 degrees to the line of travel of
the vehicle under the applicable conditions of S16.2 of this standard.
S16.2 Test conditions.
S16.2.1 The vehicle, including test devices and instrumentation, is
loaded as in S8.1.1.
S16.2.2 Movable vehicle windows and vents are placed in the fully
closed position, unless the vehicle manufacturer chooses to specify a
different adjustment position prior to the time the vehicle is
certified.
S16.2.3 Convertibles and open-body type vehicles have the top, if
any, in place in the closed passenger compartment configuration.
S16.2.4 Doors are fully closed and latched but not locked.
S16.2.5 The dummy is clothed in form fitting cotton stretch garments
with short sleeves and above the knee length pants. A size 7 1/2W shoe
which meets the configuration and size specifications of MIL-S-21711E
(see S4.7) or its equivalent is placed on each foot of the test dummy.
S16.2.6 Limb joints are set at one g, barely restraining the weight
of the limb when extended horizontally. Leg joints are adjusted with the
torso in the supine position.
S16.2.7 Instrumentation shall not affect the motion of dummies
during impact.
S16.2.8 The stabilized temperature of the dummy is at any level
between 20.6 [deg]C and 22.2 [deg]C (69 [deg]F to 72 [deg]F).
S16.2.9 Steering wheel adjustment.
S16.2.9.1 Adjust a tiltable steering wheel, if possible, so that the
steering wheel hub is at the geometric center of its full range of
driving positions.
S16.2.9.2 If there is no setting detent at the mid-position, lower
the steering wheel to the detent just below the mid-position.
S16.2.9.3 If the steering column is telescoping, place the steering
column in the mid-position. If there is no mid-position, move the
steering wheel rearward one position from the mid-position.
S16.2.10 Driver and passenger seat set-up.
S16.2.10.1 Lumbar support adjustment. Position adjustable lumbar
supports so that the lumbar support is in its lowest, retracted or
deflated adjustment position.
S16.2.10.2 Other seat adjustments. Position any adjustable parts of
the seat that provide additional support so that they are in the lowest
or most open adjustment position. Position any adjustable head restraint
in the lowest and most forward position.
S16.2.10.3 Seat position adjustment. If the passenger seat does not
adjust independently of the driver seat, the driver seat shall control
the final position of the passenger seat.
S16.2.10.3.1 Using only the controls that primarily move the seat
and seat cushion independent of the seat back in the fore and aft
directions, move the seat cushion reference point (SCRP) to the rearmost
position. Using any part
[[Page 628]]
of any control, other than those just used, determine the full range of
angles of the seat cushion reference line and set the seat cushion
reference line to the middle of the range. Using any part of any control
other than those that primarily move the seat or seat cushion fore and
aft, while maintaining the seat cushion reference line angle, place the
SCRP to its lowest position.
S16.2.10.3.2 Using only the control that primarily moves the seat
fore and aft, move the SCRP to the full forward position.
S16.2.10.3.3 If the seat or seat cushion height is adjustable, other
than by the controls that primarily move the seat or seat cushion fore
and aft, determine the maximum and minimum heights of the SCRP, while
maintaining, as closely as possible, the angle determined in
S16.2.10.3.1. Set the SCRP at the midpoint height with the seat cushion
reference line angle set as closely as possible to the angle determined
in S16.2.10.3.1. Mark location of the seat for future reference.
S16.3 Dummy seating positioning procedures. The 49 CFR Part 572
Subpart O 5th percentile adult female test dummy is positioned as
follows:
S16.3.1 General provisions and definitions.
S16.3.1.1 All angles are measured with respect to the horizontal
plane unless otherwise stated.
S16.3.1.2 The dummy's neck bracket is adjusted to align the zero
degree index marks.
S16.3.1.3 The term ``midsagittal plane'' refers to the vertical
plane that separates the dummy into equal left and right halves.
S16.3.1.4 The term ``vertical longitudinal plane'' refers to a
vertical plane parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline.
S16.3.1.5 The term ``vertical plane'' refers to a vertical plane,
not necessarily parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline.
S16.3.1.6 The term ``transverse instrumentation platform'' refers to
the transverse instrumentation surface inside the dummy's skull casting
to which the neck load cell mounts. This surface is perpendicular to the
skull cap's machined inferior-superior mounting surface.
S16.3.1.7 The term ``thigh'' refers to the femur between, but not
including, the knee and the pelvis.
S16.3.1.8 The term ``leg'' refers to the lower part of the entire
leg, including the knee.
S16.3.1.9 The term ``foot'' refers to the foot, including the ankle.
S16.3.1.10 The longitudinal centerline of a bucket seat cushion is
defined by a vertical plane that passes through the SgRP and is parallel
to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.
S16.3.1.11 For leg and thigh angles, use the following references:
S16.3.1.11.1 Thigh--a straight line on the thigh skin between the
center of the 1/2-13 UNC-2B tapped hole in the upper leg femur clamp
(see drawings 880105-504 (left thigh) and 880105-505 (right thigh),
upper leg femur clamp) and the knee pivot shoulder bolt (part 880105-527
in drawing 880105-528R & 528L, sliding knee assembly without
potentiometer).
S16.3.1.11.2 Leg--a straight line on the leg skin between the center
of the ankle shell (parts 880105-609 & 633 in drawing 880105-660, ankle
assembly) and the knee pivot shoulder bolt (part 880105-527 in drawing
880105-528R & 528L, sliding knee assembly without potentiometer).
S16.3.1.12 The term ``seat cushion reference point'' (SCRP) means a
point placed on the outboard side of the seat cushion at a horizontal
distance between 150 mm (5.9 in) and 250 mm (9.8 in) from the front edge
of the seat used as a guide in positioning the seat.
S16.3.1.13 The term ``seat cushion reference line'' means a line on
the side of the seat cushion, passing through the seat cushion reference
point, whose projection in the vehicle vertical longitudinal plane is
straight and has a known angle with respect to the horizontal.
S16.3.2 Driver dummy positioning.
S16.3.2.1 Driver torso/head/seat back angle positioning.
S16.3.2.1.1 With the seat in the position determined in
S16.2.10.3.3, use only the control that primarily moves the seat fore
and aft to place the seat in the rearmost position. If the seat cushion
reference line angle automatically changes as the seat is moved from the
full forward position, maintain, as
[[Page 629]]
closely as possible, the seat cushion reference line angle determined in
S16.2.10.3.1, for the final forward position when measuring the pelvic
angle as specified in S16.3.2.1.11. The seat cushion reference angle
position may be achieved through the use of any seat or seat cushion
adjustments other than that which primarily moves the seat or seat
cushion fore-aft.
S16.3.2.1.2 Fully recline the seat back, if adjustable. Install the
dummy into the driver's seat, such that when the legs are positioned 120
degrees to the thighs, the calves of the legs are not touching the seat
cushion.
S16.3.2.1.3 Bucket seats. Place the dummy on the seat cushion so
that its midsagittal plane is vertical and coincides with the vertical
longitudinal plane through the center of the seat cushion, within 10 mm (0.4 in).
S16.3.2.1.4 Bench seats. Position the midsagittal plane of the dummy
vertical and parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline and
aligned within 10 mm (0.4
in) of the center of the steering wheel rim.
S16.3.2.1.5 Hold the dummy's thighs down and push rearward on the
upper torso to maximize the dummy's pelvic angle.
S16.3.2.1.6 Place the legs at 120 degrees to the thighs. Set the
initial transverse distance between the longitudinal centerlines at the
front of the dummy's knees at 160 to 170 mm (6.3 to 6.7 in), with the
thighs and legs of the dummy in vertical planes. Push rearward on the
dummy's knees to force the pelvis into the seat so there is no gap
between the pelvis and the seat back or until contact occurs between the
back of the dummy's calves and the front of the seat cushion.
S16.3.2.1.7 Gently rock the upper torso laterally in a side to side
motion three times through a 5 degree arc
(approximately 51 mm (2 in) side to side).
S16.3.2.1.8 If needed, extend the legs slightly so that the feet are
not in contact with the floor pan. Let the thighs rest on the seat
cushion to the extent permitted by the foot movement. Keeping the leg
and the thigh in a vertical plane, place the foot in the vertical
longitudinal plane that passes through the centerline of the accelerator
pedal. Rotate the left thigh outboard about the hip until the center of
the knee is the same distance from the midsagittal plane of the dummy as
the right knee 5 mm (0.2
in). Using only the control that primarily moves the seat fore and aft,
attempt to return the seat to the full forward position. If either of
the dummy's legs first contacts the steering wheel, then adjust the
steering wheel, if adjustable, upward until contact with the steering
wheel is avoided. If the steering wheel is not adjustable, separate the
knees enough to avoid steering wheel contact. Proceed with moving the
seat forward until either the leg contacts the vehicle interior or the
seat reaches the full forward position. (The right foot may contact and
depress the accelerator and/or change the angle of the foot with respect
to the leg during seat movement.) If necessary to avoid contact with the
vehicles brake or clutch pedal, rotate the test dummy's left foot about
the leg. If there is still interference, rotate the left thigh outboard
about the hip the minimum distance necessary to avoid pedal
interference. If a dummy leg contacts the vehicle interior before the
full forward position is attained, position the seat at the next detent
where there is no contact. If the seat is a power seat, move the seat
fore and aft to avoid contact while assuring that there is a maximum of
5 mm (0.2 in) distance between the vehicle interior and the point on the
dummy that would first contact the vehicle interior. If the steering
wheel was moved, return it to the position described in S16.2.9. If the
steering wheel contacts the dummy's leg(s) prior to attaining this
position, adjust it to the next higher detent, or if infinitely
adjustable, until there is 5 mm (0.2 in) clearance between the wheel and
the dummy's leg(s).
S16.3.2.1.9 For vehicles without adjustable seat backs, adjust the
lower neck bracket to level the head as much as possible. For vehicles
with adjustable seat backs, while holding the thighs in place, rotate
the seat back forward until the transverse instrumentation platform of
the head is level to within 0.5 degree, making
sure that the pelvis does not interfere with the
[[Page 630]]
seat bight. Inspect the abdomen to ensure that it is properly installed.
If the torso contacts the steering wheel, adjust the steering wheel in
the following order until there is no contact: telescoping adjustment,
lowering adjustment, raising adjustment. If the vehicle has no
adjustments, or contact with the steering wheel cannot be eliminated by
adjustment, position the seat at the next detent where there is no
contact with the steering wheel as adjusted in S16.2.9. If the seat is a
power seat, position the seat to avoid contact while assuring that there
is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in) distance between the steering wheel as
adjusted in S16.2.9 and the point of contact on the dummy.
S16.3.2.1.10 If it is not possible to achieve the head level within
0.5 degrees, minimize the angle.
S16.3.2.1.11 Measure and set the dummy's pelvic angle using the
pelvic angle gauge (drawing TE-2504, incorporated by reference in 49 CFR
Part 572, Subpart O of this chapter). The angle shall be set to 20.0
degrees 2.5 degrees. If this is not possible,
adjust the pelvic angle as close to 20.0 degrees as possible while
keeping the transverse instrumentation platform of the head as level as
possible by adjustments specified in S16.3.2.1.9 and S16.3.2.1.10.
S16.3.2.1.12 If the dummy is contacting the vehicle interior after
these adjustments, using only the control that primarily moves the seat
fore and aft, move the seat rearward until there is a maximum of 5 mm
(0.2 in) between the contact point of the dummy and the interior of the
vehicle or if it has a manual seat adjustment, to the next rearward
detent position. If after these adjustments, the dummy contact point is
more than 5 mm (0.2 in) from the vehicle interior and the seat is still
not in its forwardmost position, move the seat forward until the contact
point is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in) from the vehicle interior, or if it
has a manual seat adjustment, move the seat to the closest detent
position that causes no contact, or until the seat reaches its
forwardmost position, whichever occurs first.
S16.3.2.2 Driver foot positioning.
S16.3.2.2.1 If the vehicle has an adjustable accelerator pedal,
adjust it to the full forward position. If the heel of the right foot
can contact the floor pan, follow the positioning procedure in (a). If
not, follow the positioning procedure in (b).
(a) Rest the right foot of the test dummy on the undepressed
accelerator pedal with the rearmost point of the heel on the floor pan
in the plane of the pedal. If the foot cannot be placed on the
accelerator pedal, set it initially perpendicular to the leg and then
place it as far forward as possible in the direction of the pedal
centerline with the rearmost point of the heel resting on the floor pan.
If the vehicle has an adjustable accelerator pedal and the right foot is
not touching the accelerator pedal when positioned as above, move the
pedal rearward until it touches the right foot. If the accelerator pedal
in the full rearward position still does not touch the foot, leave the
pedal in that position. Extend the foot and lower leg by decreasing the
knee flexion angle until any part of the foot contacts the undepressed
accelerator pedal. If the foot does not contact the pedal, place the
highest part of the foot at the same height as the highest part of the
pedal.
(b) Extend the foot and lower leg by decreasing the knee flexion
angle until any part of the foot contacts the undepressed accelerator
pedal or the highest part of the foot is at the same height as the
highest part of the pedal. If the vehicle has an adjustable accelerator
pedal and the right foot is not touching the accelerator pedal when
positioned as above, move the pedal rearward until it touches the right
foot.
S16.3.2.2.2 If the ball of the right foot does not contact the
pedal, increase the ankle plantar flexion angle such that the toe of the
foot contacts or is as close as possible to contact with the undepressed
accelerator pedal.
S16.3.2.2.3 If, in its final position, the heel is off of the
vehicle floor, a spacer block must be used under the heel to support the
final foot position (see figure 13). The surface of the block in contact
with the heel must have an inclination of 30 degrees, measured from the
horizontal, with the highest surface towards the rear of the vehicle.
[[Page 631]]
S16.3.2.2.4 Place the left foot on the toe-board with the rearmost
point of the heel resting on the floor pan as close as possible to the
point of intersection of the planes described by the toe-board and floor
pan.
S16.3.2.2.5 If the left foot cannot be positioned on the toe board,
place the foot perpendicular to the lower leg centerline as far forward
as possible with the heel resting on the floor pan.
S16.3.2.2.6 If the left foot does not contact the floor pan, place
the foot parallel to the floor and place the lower leg as perpendicular
to the thigh as possible.
S16.3.2.2.7 When positioning the test dummy under S16.3.2.2.4,
S16.3.2.2.5, and S16.2.2.6, avoid contact between the left foot of the
test dummy and the vehicle's brake pedal, clutch pedal, wheel well
projection, and foot rest. To avoid this contact, use the three foot
position adjustments listed in paragraphs (a) through (c). The
adjustment options are listed in priority order, with each subsequent
option incorporating the previous. In making each adjustment, move the
foot the minimum distance necessary to avoid contact. If it is not
possible to avoid all prohibited foot contact, give priority to avoiding
brake or clutch pedal contact.
(a) Rotate (abduction/adduction) the test dummy's left foot about
the lower leg,
(b) Plantar flex the foot,
(c) Rotate the left leg about the hip in either an outboard or
inboard direction.
S16.3.2.3 Driver arm/hand positioning.
S16.3.2.3.1 Place the dummy's upper arms adjacent to the torso with
the arm centerlines as close to a vertical longitudinal plane as
possible.
S16.3.2.3.2 Place the palms of the dummy in contact with the outer
part of the steering wheel rim at its horizontal centerline with the
thumbs over the steering wheel rim.
S16.3.2.3.3 If it is not possible to position the thumbs inside the
steering wheel rim at its horizontal centerline, then position them
above and as close to the horizontal centerline of the steering wheel
rim as possible.
S16.3.2.3.4 Lightly tape the hands to the steering wheel rim so that
if the hand of the test dummy is pushed upward by a force of not less
than 9 N (2 lb) and not more than 22 N (5 lb), the tape releases the
hand from the steering wheel rim.
S16.3.3 Passenger dummy positioning.
S16.3.3.1 Passenger torso/head/seat back angle positioning.
S16.3.3.1.1 With the seat at the mid-height in the full forward
position determined in S16.2.10.3.3, use only the control that primarily
moves the seat fore and aft to place the seat in the rearmost position,
without adjusting independent height controls. If the seat cushion
reference line angle automatically changes as the seat is moved from the
full forward position, maintain as closely as possible the seat cushion
reference line angle in S16.2.10.3.1, for the final forward position
when measuring the pelvic angle as specified in S16.3.3.1.11. The seat
cushion reference line angle position may be achieved through the use of
any seat or seat cushion adjustments other than that which primarily
moves the seat or seat cushion fore-aft.
S16.3.3.1.2 Fully recline the seat back, if adjustable. Install the
dummy into the passenger seat, such that when the legs are 120 degrees
to the thighs, the calves of the legs are not touching the seat cushion.
S16.3.3.1.3 Bucket seats. Place the dummy on the seat cushion so
that its midsagittal plane is vertical and coincides with the vertical
longitudinal plane through the center of the seat cushion, within 10 mm (0.4 mm).
S16.3.3.1.4 Bench seats. Position the midsagittal plane of the dummy
vertical and parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline and the
same distance from the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, within 10 mm (0.4 in), as the midsagittal
plane of the driver dummy.
S16.3.3.1.5 Hold the dummy's thighs down and push rearward on the
upper torso to maximize the dummy's pelvic angle.
S16.3.3.1.6 Place the legs at 120 degrees to the thighs. Set the
initial transverse distance between the longitudinal centerlines at the
front of the dummy's knees at 160 to 170 mm (6.3 to 6.7 in), with the
thighs and legs of the dummy in vertical planes. Push rearward on the
dummy's knees to force
[[Page 632]]
the pelvis into the seat so there is no gap between the pelvis and the
seat back or until contact occurs between the back of the dummy's calves
and the front of the seat cushion.
S16.3.3.1.7 Gently rock the upper torso laterally side to side three
times through a 5 degree arc (approximately 51 mm
(2 in) side to side).
S16.3.3.1.8 If needed, extend the legs slightly so that the feet are
not in contact with the floor pan. Let the thighs rest on the seat
cushion to the extent permitted by the foot movement. With the feet
perpendicular to the legs, place the heels on the floor pan. If a heel
will not contact the floor pan, place it as close to the floor pan as
possible. Using only the control that primarily moves the seat fore and
aft, attempt to return the seat to the full forward position. If a dummy
leg contacts the vehicle interior before the full forward position is
attained, position the seat at the next detent where there is no
contact. If the seats are power seats, position the seat to avoid
contact while assuring that there is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in) distance
between the vehicle interior and the point on the dummy that would first
contact the vehicle interior.
S16.3.3.1.9 For vehicles without adjustable seat backs, adjust the
lower neck bracket to level the head as much as possible. For vehicles
with adjustable seat backs, while holding the thighs in place, rotate
the seat back forward until the transverse instrumentation platform of
the head is level to within 0.5 degrees, making
sure that the pelvis does not interfere with the seat bight. Inspect the
abdomen to insure that it is properly installed.
S16.3.3.1.10 If it is not possible to orient the head level within
0.5 degrees, minimize the angle.
S16.3.3.1.11 Measure and set the dummy's pelvic angle using the
pelvic angle gauge (drawing TE-2504, incorporated by reference in 49 CFR
Part 572, Subpart O, of this chapter). The angle shall be set to 20.0
degrees 2.5 degrees. If this is not possible,
adjust the pelvic angle as close to 20.0 degrees as possible while
keeping the transverse instrumentation platform of the head as level as
possible, as specified in S16.3.3.1.9 and S16.3.3.1.10.
S16.3.3.1.12 If the dummy is contacting the vehicle interior after
these adjustments, using only the control that primarily moves the seat
fore and aft, move the seat rearward until there is a maximum of 5 mm
(0.2 in) between the contact point of the dummy and the interior of the
vehicle or if it has a manual seat adjustment, to the next rearward
detent position. If after these adjustments, the dummy contact point is
more than 5 mm (0.2 in) from the vehicle interior and the seat is still
not in its forwardmost position, move the seat forward until the contact
point is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in) from the vehicle interior, or if it
has a manual seat adjustment, move the seat to the closest detent
position that causes no contact, or until the seat reaches its
forwardmost position, whichever occurs first.
S16.3.3.2 Passenger foot positioning.
S16.3.3.2.1 Place the passenger's feet flat on the toe board.
S16.3.3.2.2 If the feet cannot be placed flat on the toe board, set
them perpendicular to the leg centerlines and place them as far forward
as possible with the heels resting on the floor pan. If either foot does
not contact the floor pan, place the foot parallel to the floor pan and
place the lower leg as perpendicular to the thigh as possible.
S16.3.3.3 Passenger arm/hand positioning.
S16.3.3.3.1 Place the dummy's upper arms in contact with the seat
back and the torso.
S16.3.3.3.2 Place the palms of the dummy in contact with the outside
of the thighs.
S16.3.3.3.3 Place the little fingers in contact with the seat
cushion.
S16.3.4 Driver and passenger adjustable head restraints.
S16.3.4.1 If the head restraint has an automatic adjustment, leave
it where the system positions the restraint after the dummy is placed in
the seat.
S16.3.4.2 Adjust each head restraint to its lowest position.
S16.3.4.3 Measure the vertical distance from the top most point of
the head restraint to the bottom most point. Locate a horizontal plane
through the midpoint of this distance. Adjust each head restraint
vertically so that this horizontal plane is aligned
[[Page 633]]
with the center of gravity (CG) of the dummy head.
S16.3.4.3 If the above position is not attainable, move the vertical
center of the head restraint to the closest detent below the center of
the head CG.
S16.3.4.4 If the head restraint has a fore and aft adjustment, place
the restraint in the forwardmost position or until contact with the head
is made, whichever occurs first.
S16.3.5 Driver and passenger manual belt adjustment (for tests
conducted with a belted dummy)
S16.3.5.1 If an adjustable seat belt D-ring anchorage exists, place
it in the manufacturer's design position for a 5th percentile adult
female with the seat in the position specified in S16.2.10.3.
S16.3.5.2 Place the Type 2 manual belt around the test dummy and
fasten the latch.
S16.3.5.3 Ensure that the dummy's head remains as level as possible,
as specified in S16.3.2.1.9 and S16.3.2.1.10 and S16.3.3.1.9 and
S16.3.3.1.10.
S16.3.5.4 Remove all slack from the lap belt. Pull the upper torso
webbing out of the retractor and allow it to retract; repeat this
operation four times. Apply a 9 N (2 lbf) to 18 N (4 lbf) tension load
to the lap belt. If the belt system is equipped with a tension-relieving
device, introduce the maximum amount of slack into the upper torso belt
that is recommended by the manufacturer. If the belt system is not
equipped with a tension-relieving device, allow the excess webbing in
the shoulder belt to be retracted by the retractive force of the
retractor.
S17 Offset frontal deformable barrier requirements using 5th
percentile adult female test dummies. Each vehicle that is certified as
complying with S14 shall, at each front outboard designated seating
position, meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard
when the vehicle is crash tested in accordance with the procedures
specified in S18 of this standard with the anthropomorphic test devices
restrained by a Type 2 seat belt assembly.
S18 Test procedure for offset frontal deformable barrier
requirements using 5th percentile adult female dummies.
S18.1 General provisions. Place a 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart O 5th
percentile adult female test dummy at each front outboard seating
position of a vehicle, in accordance with the procedures specified in
S16.3 of this standard. Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally
forward at any speed, up to and including 40 km/h (25 mph), into a fixed
offset deformable barrier under the conditions and procedures specified
in S18.2 of this standard, impacting only the left side of the vehicle.
S18.2 Test conditions.
S18.2.1 Offset frontal deformable barrier. The offset frontal
deformable barrier shall conform to the specifications set forth in
Subpart C of Part 587 of this chapter.
S18.2.2 General test conditions. All of the test conditions
specified in S16.2 of this standard apply.
S18.2.3 Dummy seating procedures. Position the anthropomorphic test
dummies as specified in S16.3 of this standard.
S18.2.4 Impact configuration. The test vehicle shall impact the
barrier with the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle parallel to the
line of travel and perpendicular to the barrier face within a tolerance
of 5 degrees. The test vehicle shall be aligned so
that the vehicle strikes the barrier with 40 percent overlap on the left
side of the vehicle, with the vehicle's front engaging the barrier face
such that the vehicle's longitudinal centerline is offset outboard of
the edge of the barrier face by 10 percent of the vehicle's width 50 mm (2.0 in) as illustrated in Figure 10. The vehicle
width is defined as the maximum dimension measured across the widest
part of the vehicle, including bumpers and molding but excluding such
components as exterior mirrors, flexible mud flaps, marker lamps, and
dual rear wheel configurations.
S19 Requirements to provide protection for infants in rear facing
and convertible child restraints and car beds.
S19.1 Each vehicle certified as complying with S14 shall, at the
option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements specified in S19.2 or
S19.3, under the test procedures specified in S20.
[[Page 634]]
S19.2 Option 1--Automatic suppression feature. Each vehicle shall
meet the requirements specified in S19.2.1 through S19.2.3.
S19.2.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression
feature for the passenger air bag which results in deactivation of the
air bag during each of the static tests specified in S20.2 (using the 49
CFR Part 572 Subpart R 12-month-old CRABI child dummy in any of the
child restraints identified in sections B and C of appendix A of this
standard and the 49 CFR part 572 subpart K Newborn Infant dummy in any
of the car beds identified in section A of appendix A, as appropriate),
and activation of the air bag system during each of the static tests
specified in S20.3 (using the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart O 5th percentile
adult female dummy).
S19.2.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with at least one telltale
which emits light whenever the passenger air bag system is deactivated
and does not emit light whenever the passenger air bag system is
activated, except that the telltale(s) need not illuminate when the
passenger seat is unoccupied. Each telltale:
(a) Shall emit yellow light;
(b) Shall have the identifying words ``PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF'' or
``PASS AIR BAG OFF'' on the telltale or within 25 mm (1.0 in) of the
telltale; and
(c) Shall not be combined with the readiness indicator required by
S4.5.2 of this standard.
(d) Shall be located within the interior of the vehicle and forward
of and above the design H-point of both the driver's and the right front
passenger's seat in their forwardmost seating positions and shall not be
located on or adjacent to a surface that can be used for temporary or
permanent storage of objects that could obscure the telltale from either
the driver's or right front passenger's view, or located where the
telltale would be obscured from the driver's view if a rear-facing child
restraint listed in Appendix A is installed in the right front
passenger's seat.
(e) Shall be visible and recognizable to a driver and right front
passenger during night and day when the occupants have adapted to the
ambient light roadway conditions.
(f) Telltales need not be visible or recognizable when not
activated.
(g) Means shall be provided for making telltales visible and
recognizable to the driver and right front passenger under all driving
conditions. The means for providing the required visibility may be
adjustable manually or automatically, except that the telltales may not
be adjustable under any driving conditions to a level that they become
invisible or not recognizable to the driver and right front passenger.
(h) The telltale must not emit light except when the passenger air
bag is turned off or during a bulb check upon vehicle starting.
S19.2.3 The vehicle shall be equipped with a mechanism that
indicates whether the air bag system is suppressed, regardless of
whether the passenger seat is occupied. The mechanism need not be
located in the occupant compartment unless it is the telltale described
in S19.2.2.
S19.3 Option 2--Low risk deployment. Each vehicle shall meet the
injury criteria specified in S19.4 of this standard when the passenger
air bag is deployed in accordance with the procedures specified in
S20.4.
S19.4 Injury criteria for the 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart R 12-month-
old CRABI test dummy.
S19.4.1 All portions of the test dummy and child restraint shall be
contained within the outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger
compartment.
S19.4.2 Head injury criteria.
(a) For any two points in time, t1 and t2,
during the event which are separated by not more than a 15 millisecond
time interval and where t1 is less than t2, the
head injury criterion (HIC15) shall be determined using the
resultant head acceleration at the center of gravity of the dummy head,
ar, expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of
gravity) and shall be calculated using the expression:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18DE01.000
[[Page 635]]
(b) The maximum calculated HIC15 value shall not exceed
390.
S19.4.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the
thoracic instrumentation shall not exceed 50 g's, except for intervals
whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
S19.4.4 Neck injury. When measuring neck injury, each of the
following injury criteria shall be met.
(a) Nij.
(1) The shear force (Fx), axial force (Fz), and bending moment (My)
shall be measured by the dummy upper neck load cell for the duration of
the crash event as specified in S4.11. Shear force, axial force, and
bending moment shall be filtered for Nij purposes at SAE J211/1 rev.
Mar95 Channel Frequency Class 600 (see S4.7).
(2) During the event, the axial force (Fz) can be either in tension
or compression while the occipital condyle bending moment (Mocy) can be
in either flexion or extension. This results in four possible loading
conditions for Nij: tension-extension (Nte), tension-flexion (Ntf),
compression-extension (Nce), or compression-flexion (Ncf).
(3) When calculating Nij using equation S19.4.4(a)(4), the critical
values, Fzc and Myc, are:
(i) Fzc = 1460 N (328 lbf) when Fz is in tension
(ii) Fzc = 1460 N (328 lbf) when Fz is in compression
(iii) Myc = 43 Nm (32 lbf-ft) when a flexion moment exists at the
occipital condyle
(iv) Myc = 17 Nm (13 lbf-ft) when an extension moment exists at the
occipital condyle.
(4) At each point in time, only one of the four loading conditions
occurs and the Nij value corresponding to that loading condition is
computed and the three remaining loading modes shall be considered a
value of zero. The expression for calculating each Nij loading condition
is given by:
Nij ' (Fz / Fzc) + (Mocy / Myc)
(5) None of the four Nij values shall exceed 1.0 at any time during
the event.
(b) Peak tension. Tension force (Fz), measured at the upper neck
load cell, shall not exceed 780 N (175 lbf) at any time.
(c) Peak compression. Compression force (Fz), measured at the upper
neck load cell, shall not exceed 960 N (216 lbf) at any time.
S19.4.5 Unless otherwise indicated, instrumentation for data
acquisition, data channel frequency class, and moment calculations are
the same as given for the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart R 12-month-old CRABI
test dummy.
S20 Test procedure for S19.
S20.1 General provisions.
S20.1.1 Tests specifying the use of a car bed, a rear facing child
restraint, or a convertible child restraint may be conducted using any
such restraint listed in sections A, B, and C of Appendix A of this
standard respectively. The car bed, rear facing child restraint, or
convertible child restraint may be unused or have been previously used
only for automatic suppression tests. If it has been used, there shall
not be any visible damage prior to the test.
S20.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, each vehicle certified to this
option shall comply in tests conducted with the front outboard passenger
seating position, if adjustable fore and aft, at full rearward, middle,
and full forward positions. If the child restraint or dummy contacts the
vehicle interior, move the seat rearward to the next detent that
provides clearance, or if the seat is a power seat, using only the
control that primarily moves the seat fore and aft, move the seat
rearward while assuring that there is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in)
clearance between the dummy or child restraint and the vehicle interior.
S20.1.3 If the car bed, rear facing child restraint, or convertible
child restraint is equipped with a handle, the vehicle shall comply in
tests conducted with the handle at both the child restraint
manufacturer's recommended position for use in vehicles and in the
upright position.
S20.1.4 If the car bed, rear facing child restraint, or convertible
child restraint is equipped with a sunshield, the vehicle shall comply
in tests conducted with the sunshield both fully open and fully closed.
S20.1.5 The vehicle shall comply in tests with the car bed, rear
facing child
[[Page 636]]
restraint, or convertible child restraint uncovered and in tests with a
towel or blanket weighing up to 1.0 kg (2.2 lb) placed on or over the
restraint in any of the following positions:
(a) with the blanket covering the top and sides of the restraint,
and
(b) with the blanket placed from the top of the vehicle's seat back
to the forwardmost edge of the restraint.
S20.1.6 Except as otherwise specified, if the car bed, rear facing
child restraint, or convertible child restraint has an anchorage system
as specified in S5.9 of FMVSS No. 213 and is tested in a vehicle with a
front outboard passenger vehicle seat that has an anchorage system as
specified in FMVSS No. 225, the vehicle shall comply in the belted tests
with the restraint anchorage system attached to the vehicle seat
anchorage system and the vehicle seat belt unattached. It shall also
comply in the belted test requirements with the restraint anchorage
system unattached to the vehicle seat anchorage system and the vehicle
seat belt attached. The vehicle shall comply in the unbelted tests with
the restraint anchorage system unattached to the vehicle seat anchorage
system.
S20.1.7 If the car bed, rear facing child restraint, or convertible
child restraint comes equipped with a detachable base, the vehicle shall
comply in tests conducted with the detachable base attached to the child
restraint and with the detachable base unattached to the child
restraint.
S20.1.8 Do not attach any tethers.
S20.1.9 Seat set-up. Unless otherwise stated.
S20.1.9.1 Lumbar support adjustment. Position adjustable lumbar
supports so that the lumbar support is in its lowest, retracted or
deflated adjustment position.
S20.1.9.2 Other seat adjustments. Position any adjustable parts of
the seat that provide additional support so that they are in the lowest
or most open adjustment position.
S20.1.9.3 Set the seat and seat cushion in the position determined
in S16.2.10.3.1.
S20.1.9.4 Using only the control that primarily moves the seat in
the fore and aft direction, determine the full rearward, middle, and
full forward positions of the SCRP. Using any part of any seat or seat
cushion adjustments, other than that which primarily moves the seat or
seat cushion fore-aft, determine the SCRP mid-point height for each of
the three fore-aft test positions, while maintaining, as closely as
possible, the seat cushion reference line middle angle determined in
S16.2.10.3.1.
S20.1.9.5 The seat back angle, if adjustable, is set at the
manufacturer's nominal design seat back angle for a 50th percentile
adult male as specified in S8.1.3.
S20.1.9.6 If adjustable, set the head restraint at the full down and
full forward position.
S20.1.10 The longitudinal centerline of a bucket seat cushion is
defined by a vertical plane that passes through the SgRP and is parallel
to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.
S20.2 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which shall
result in deactivation of the passenger air bag. Each vehicle that is
certified as complying with S19.2 shall meet the following test
requirements.
S20.2.1 Belted rear facing and convertible child restraints.
S20.2.1.1 The vehicle shall comply in tests using any child
restraint specified in section B and section C of Appendix A of this
standard, installed in the front outboard passenger vehicle seat in the
following orientations:
(a) With the section B and section C child restraints facing
rearward as appropriate; and
(b) With the section C child restraints facing forward.
S20.2.1.2 The vehicle shall comply with the child restraint attached
to the vehicle in the following manner:
(a) Using the vehicle safety belts as specified in S20.2.1.5; and
(b) If the child restraint is certified to S5.9 of Sec. 571.213,
and the vehicle seat has an anchorage system as specified in Sec.
571.225, using only the mechanism provided by the child restraint
manufacturer for attachment to the lower anchorages as specified in
S20.2.1.6.
S20.2.1.3 Locate a vertical plane through the longitudinal
centerline of the child restraint. This will be referred to as ``Plane
A.''
[[Page 637]]
S20.2.1.4 For bucket seats, ``Plane B'' refers to a vertical plane
parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline through the longitudinal
centerline of the front outboard passenger vehicle seat cushion. For
bench seats, ``Plane B'' refers to a vertical plane through the front
outboard passenger vehicle seat parallel to the vehicle longitudinal
centerline the same distance from the longitudinal centerline of the
vehicle as the center of the steering wheel.
S20.2.1.5 Installation with vehicle safety belts.
(a) Place any adjustable seat belt anchorages at the vehicle
manufacturer's nominal design position for a 50th percentile adult male
occupant.
(b) Without attaching the child restraint anchorage system
components specified in S5.9 of Sec. 571.213 to a vehicle child
restraint anchorage system specified in Sec. 571.225, align the child
restraint system facing rearward or forward, depending on the
orientation being tested, such that Plane A is aligned with Plane B.
(c) While maintaining the child restraint positions achieved in
S20.2.1.5(b), secure the child restraint by following, to the extent
possible, the child restraint manufacturer's directions regarding proper
installation of the restraint for the orientation being tested. Cinch
the vehicle belts to any tension from zero up to 134 N to secure the
child restraint. Measure belt tension in a flat, straight section of the
lap belt between the child restraint belt path and the contact point
with the belt anchor or vehicle seat, on the side away from the buckle
(to avoid interference from the shoulder portion of the belt).
(d) Position the 49 CFR part 572 subpart R 12-month-old CRABI dummy
in the child restraint by following, to the extent possible, the
manufacturer's instructions provided with the child restraint for
seating infants.
(e) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and close all
vehicle doors. Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is
deactivated.
S20.2.1.6 Installation using the lower anchor bars and the child
restraint manufacturer provided attachment mechanism.
S20.2.1.6.1 If the attachment mechanism provided by the manufacturer
incorporates a strap(s), use the following procedure:
(a) Place the child restraint on the vehicle seat facing rearward or
forward, depending on the orientation being tested, with Plane A of the
child restraint aligned within 10 mm with a
longitudinal vertical plane passing though a point midway between the
centers of the two lower anchor bars.
(b) Position any adjustments on the child restraint, to the extent
possible according to the child restraint manufacturer's instructions.
(c) Connect the lower anchor straps of the restraint to the lower
anchor bars of the seat and remove the slack, but do not apply any load
using these straps.
(d) Move the child restraint rearward until it contacts the seat
back.
(e) Use the loading device equipped with the loading foot shown in
Figure A1 and position it as shown in Figure A2 of Appendix A of this
section. The 153 degree angle of the loading
device illustrated in Figure A2 is determined with an initial preload of
7525N.
(f) Over a period of 9030 seconds, increase
the load to 875N25 N.
(g) After achieving the 875 N load in step (f) of this section, hold
the bar length at present position and allow the load to settle for 60
seconds.
(h) Following the one-minute settling period specified in step (g)
of this section, increase the load to 87525 N such
that the 87525 N load is achieved within 10
seconds of the settling period.
(i) Hold the bar length at present position and allow the load to
settle for 120 seconds after achieving the load in step (f) of this
section.
(j) Following the settling period specified in step (i) of this
section, increase the load to 87525 N such that
the 87525 N load is achieved within 10 seconds of
the settling period.
(k) Observe the settling of the load and tighten the lower anchor
straps when the load is 8505N or 180 seconds has
elapsed since achieving the 87525
[[Page 638]]
N load in step (f) of this section, whichever comes first. Tighten the
lower anchor straps at the same time such that the load is reduced
1510 N and the change occurs within 2 seconds.
(l) Remove the loading device and position the 49 CFR part 572
subpart R 12-month-old CRABI dummy in the child restraint by following,
to the extent possible, the manufacturer's instructions provided with
the child restraint for seating infants.
(m) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and close all
vehicle doors. Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is
deactivated.
S20.2.1.6.2 If the mechanism provided by the manufacturer does not
incorporate a strap(s), use the following procedure:
(a) Place the vehicle seat in the rearmost and mid-height position.
(b) Place the child restraint on the vehicle seat facing rearward or
forward, depending on the orientation being tested, with Plane A of the
child restraint aligned within 10 mm with a
longitudinal vertical plane passing though a point midway between the
centers of the two lower anchor bars.
(c) Position any adjustments on the child restraint, to the extent
possible, according to the child restraint manufacturer's instructions.
(d) Connect the lower anchor attachments to the lower anchor bars
following, to the extent possible, the child restraint manufacturer's
instructions.
(e) Move the child restraint rearward until it contacts the seat
back.
(f) If the child restraint does not use a linear sliding or
ratcheting mechanism that requires the application of force to securely
install the child restraint, follow, to the extent possible, the CRS
manufacturer's instructions for installing the child restraint onto the
seat. Do not load the seat as provided in S20.2.1.6.2(g).
(g) If the child restraint uses a linear sliding or ratcheting
mechanism that requires the application of force to securely install the
child restraint, within 25 5 seconds, apply a 475
N force, that has no lateral component, aligned angularly 10 degrees with a parallel plane located within 100 mm of the plane formed by the linear mechanism.
Release the force.
(h) Position the 49 CFR part 572 subpart R 12-month-old CRABI dummy
in the child restraint by following, to the extent possible, the
manufacturer's instructions provided with the child restraint for
seating infants.
(i) Move the vehicle seat to the seat position being tested (full
rear, mid, full forward).
(j) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and close all
vehicle doors. Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is
deactivated.
S20.2.2 Unbelted rear facing and convertible child restraints.
S20.2.2.1 The vehicle shall comply in tests using any child
restraint specified in section B and section C of appendix A of this
standard.
S20.2.2.2 Locate a vertical plane through the longitudinal
centerline of the child restraint. This will be referred to as ``Plane
A''.
S20.2.2.3 For bucket seats, ``Plane B'' refers to a vertical plane
parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline through the longitudinal
centerline of the front outboard passenger vehicle seat cushion. For
bench seats, ``Plane B'' refers to a vertical plane through the front
outboard passenger seat parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline
the same distance from the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle as the
center of the steering wheel.
S20.2.2.4 Facing rear.
(a) Align the child restraint system facing rearward such that Plane
A is aligned with Plane B and the child restraint is in contact with the
seat back.
(b) Position the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart R 12-month-old CRABI dummy
in the child restraint by following, to the extent possible, the
manufacturer's instructions provided with the child restraint for
seating infants.
(c) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and close all
vehicle doors. Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is
deactivated.
S20.2.2.5 Facing forward.
[[Page 639]]
(a) Align the child restraint system facing forward such that Plane
A is aligned with Plane B and the child restraint is in contact with the
seat back.
(b) Position the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart R 12-month-old CRABI dummy
in the child restraint by following, to the extent possible, the
manufacturer's instructions provided with the child restraint for
seating infants.
(c) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and close all
vehicle doors. Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is
deactivated.
S20.2.3 Tests with a belted car bed.
S20.2.3.1 The vehicle shall comply in tests using any car bed
specified in section A of Appendix A of this standard.
S20.2.3.2 (a) Install the car bed by following, to the extent
possible, the car bed manufacturer's directions regarding proper
installation of the car bed.
(b) Place any adjustable seat belt anchorages at the vehicle
manufacturer's nominal design position for a 50th percentile adult male
occupant. Cinch the vehicle belts to secure the car bed.
(c) Position the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart K Newborn Infant dummy in
the car bed by following, to the extent possible, the car bed
manufacturer's instructions provided with the car bed for positioning
infants.
(d) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and close all
vehicle doors. Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is
deactivated.
S20.3 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which shall
result in activation of the passenger air bag system.
S20.3.1 Each vehicle certified to this option shall comply in tests
conducted with the front outboard passenger seating position, if
adjustable fore and aft, at the mid-height, in the full rearward and
middle positions determined in S20.1.9.4, and the forward position
determined in S16.3.3.1.8.
S20.3.2 Place a 49 CFR part 572 subpart O 5th percentile adult
female test dummy at the front outboard passenger seating position of
the vehicle, in accordance with procedures specified in S16.3.3 of this
standard, except as specified in S20.3.1, subject to the fore-aft seat
positions in S20.3.1. Do not fasten the seat belt.
S20.3.3 Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
S20.3.4 Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag system is
activated.
S20.4 Low risk deployment test. Each vehicle that is certified as
complying with S19.3 shall meet the following test requirements.
S20.4.1 Position the front outboard passenger vehicle seat at the
mid-height in the full forward position determined in S20.1.9.4, and
adjust the seat back (if adjustable independent of the seat) to the
nominal design position for a 50th percentile adult male as specified in
S8.1.3. Position adjustable lumbar supports so that the lumbar support
is in its lowest, retracted or deflated adjustment position. Position
any adjustable parts of the seat that provide additional support so that
they are in the lowest or most open adjustment position. If adjustable,
set the head restraint at the full down and most forward position. If
the child restraint or dummy contacts the vehicle interior, do the
following: using only the control that primarily moves the seat in the
fore and aft direction, move the seat rearward to the next detent that
provides clearance; or if the seat is a power seat, move the seat
rearward while assuring that there is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in)
clearance.
S20.4.2 The vehicle shall comply in tests using any child restraint
specified in section B and section C of appendix A to this standard.
S20.4.3 Locate a vertical plane through the longitudinal centerline
of the child restraint. This will be referred to as ``Plane A''.
S20.4.4 For bucket seats, ``Plane B'' refers to a vertical plane
parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline through the longitudinal
centerline of the front outboard passenger seat cushion. For bench
seats, ``Plane B'' refers to a vertical plane through the front outboard
passenger seat parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline that is
[[Page 640]]
the same distance from the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle as the
center of the steering wheel.
S20.4.5 Align the child restraint system facing rearward such that
Plane A is aligned with Plane B.
S20.4.6 If the child restraint is certified to S5.9 of Sec.
571.213, and the vehicle seat has an anchorage system as specified in
Sec. 571.225, attach the child restraint to the vehicle seat anchorage
as specified in S20.2.1.6. Do not attach the top tether of the child
restraint system. Do not attach the vehicle safety belt.
S20.4.7 While maintaining the child restraint position achieved in
S20.4.5, secure the child restraint by following, to the extent
possible, the child restraint manufacturer's directions regarding proper
installation of the restraint in the rear facing mode. Place any
adjustable seat belt anchorages at the manufacturer's nominal design
position for a 50th percentile adult male occupant. Cinch the vehicle
belts to any tension from zero up to 134 N (30 lb) to secure the child
restraint. Measure belt tension in a flat, straight section of the lap
belt between the child restraint belt path and the contact point with
the belt anchor or vehicle seat, on the side away from the buckle (to
avoid interference from the shoulder portion of the belt).
S20.4.8 Position the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart R 12-month-old CRABI
dummy in the child restraint by following, to the extent possible, the
manufacturer's instructions provided with the child restraint for
seating infants.
S20.4.9 Deploy the front outboard passenger frontal air bag system.
If the air bag system contains a multistage inflator, the vehicle shall
be able to comply at any stage or combination of stages or time delay
between successive stages that could occur in the presence of an infant
in a rear facing child restraint and a 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart R 12-
month-old CRABI dummy positioned according to S20.4, and also with the
seat at the mid-height, in the middle and full rearward positions
determined in S20.1.9.4, in a rigid barrier crash test at speeds up to
64 km/h (40 mph).
S21 Requirements using 3-year-old child dummies.
S21.1 Each vehicle that is certified as complying with S14 shall, at
the option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements specified in
S21.2, S21.3, S21.4 or S21.5, under the test procedures specified in S22
or S28, as applicable.
S21.2 Option 1--Automatic suppression feature. Each vehicle shall
meet the requirements specified in S21.2.1 through S21.2.3.
S21.2.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression
feature for the passenger air bag which results in deactivation of the
air bag during each of the static tests specified in S22.2 (using a 49
CFR Part 572 Subpart P 3-year-old child dummy and, as applicable, any
child restraint specified in section C and section D of appendix A to
this standard), and activation of the air bag system during each of the
static tests specified in S22.3 (using a 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart O 5th
percentile adult female dummy).
S21.2.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with a telltale light meeting
the requirements specified in S19.2.2.
S21.2.3 The vehicle shall be equipped with a mechanism that
indicates whether the air bag is suppressed, regardless of whether the
passenger seat is occupied. The mechanism need not be located in the
occupant compartment unless it is the telltale described in S21.2.2.
S21.3 Option 2--Dynamic automatic suppression system that suppresses
the air bag when an occupant is out of position. (This option is
available under the conditions set forth in S27.1.) The vehicle shall be
equipped with a dynamic automatic suppression system for the passenger
air bag system which meets the requirements specified in S27.
S21.4 Option 3--Low risk deployment. Each vehicle shall meet the
injury criteria specified in S21.5 of this standard when the passenger
air bag is deployed in accordance with both of the low risk deployment
test procedures specified in S22.4.
S21.5 Injury criteria for the 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart P 3-year-old
child test dummy.
S21.5.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within the
outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment.
S21.5.2 Head injury criteria.
[[Page 641]]
(a) For any two points in time, t1 and t2,
during the event which are separated by not more than a 15 millisecond
time interval and where t1 is less than t2, the
head injury criterion (HIC15) shall be determined using the
resultant head acceleration at the center of gravity of the dummy head,
ar, expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of
gravity) and shall be calculated using the expression:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18DE01.001
(b) The maximum calculated HIC15 value shall not exceed
570.
S21.5.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the
thoracic instrumentation shall not exceed 55 g's, except for intervals
whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
S21.5.4 Compression deflection of the sternum relative to the spine,
as determined by instrumentation, shall not exceed 34 millimeters (1.3
in).
S21.5.5 Neck injury. When measuring neck injury, each of the
following injury criteria shall be met.
(a) Nij.
(1) The shear force (Fx), axial force (Fz), and bending moment (My)
shall be measured by the dummy upper neck load cell for the duration of
the crash event as specified in S4.11. Shear force, axial force, and
bending moment shall be filtered for Nij purposes at SAE J211/1 rev.
Mar95 Channel Frequency Class 600 (see S4.7).
(2) During the event, the axial force (Fz) can be either in tension
or compression while the occipital condyle bending moment (Mocy) can be
in either flexion or extension. This results in four possible loading
conditions for Nij: Tension-extension (Nte), tension-flexion (Ntf),
compression-extension (Nce), or compression-flexion (Ncf).
(3) When calculating Nij using equation S21.5.5(a)(4), the critical
values, Fzc and Myc, are:
(i) Fzc = 2120 N (477 lbf) when Fz is in tension
(ii) Fzc = 2120 N (477 lbf) when Fz is in compression
(iii) Myc = 68 Nm (50 lbf-ft) when a flexion moment exists at the
occipital condyle
(iv) Myc = 27 Nm (20 lbf-ft) when an extension moment exists at the
occipital condyle.
(4) At each point in time, only one of the four loading conditions
occurs and the Nij value corresponding to that loading condition is
computed and the three remaining loading modes shall be considered a
value of zero. The expression for calculating each Nij loading condition
is given by:
Nij = (Fz / Fzc) + (Mocy / Myc)
(5) None of the four Nij values shall exceed 1.0 at any time during
the event.
(b) Peak tension. Tension force (Fz), measured at the upper neck
load cell, shall not exceed 1130 N (254 lbf) at any time.
(c) Peak compression. Compression force (Fz), measured at the upper
neck load cell, shall not exceed 1380 N (310 lbf) at any time.
S21.5.6 Unless otherwise indicated, instrumentation for data
acquisition, data channel frequency class, and moment calculations are
the same as given in 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart P 3-year-old child test
dummy.
S22 Test procedure for S21.
S22.1 General provisions and definitions.
S22.1.1 Tests specifying the use of a forward facing child
restraint, including a booster seat where applicable, may be conducted
using any such restraint listed in section C and section D of Appendix A
of this standard, respectively. The child restraint may be unused or
have been previously used only for automatic suppression tests. If it
has been used, there shall not be any visible damage prior to the test.
Booster seats are to be used in the manner appropriate for a 3-year-old
child of the same height and weight as the 3-year-old child dummy.
S22.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, each vehicle certified to this
option shall comply in tests conducted with the front outboard passenger
seating position at the mid-height, in the full rearward, middle, and
the full forward positions determined in S22.1.7.4. If the dummy
contacts the vehicle interior,
[[Page 642]]
using only the control that primarily moves the seat fore and aft, move
the seat rearward to the next detent that provides clearance. If the
seat is a power seat, move the seat rearward while assuring that there
is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in) clearance.
S22.1.3 Except as otherwise specified, if the child restraint has an
anchorage system as specified in S5.9 of FMVSS No. 213 and is tested in
a vehicle with a front outboard passenger vehicle seat that has an
anchorage system as specified in FMVSS No. 225, the vehicle shall comply
with the belted test conditions with the restraint anchorage system
attached to the vehicle seat anchorage system and the vehicle seat belt
unattached. It shall also comply with the belted test conditions with
the restraint anchorage system unattached to the vehicle seat anchorage
system and the vehicle seat belt attached.
S22.1.4 Do not attach any tethers.
S22.1.5 The definitions provided in S16.3.1 through S16.3.10 apply
to the tests specified in S22.
S22.1.6 For leg and thigh angles use the following references:
(a) Thigh--a straight line on the thigh skin between the center of
the \5/16\ x \1/2\ in. screw (part 9001024, item 10 in drawing 210-0000
sheet 2 of 7, complete assembly (HYB III 3 YR OLD)) and the knee bolt
(part 210-5301 in drawing 210-5000-1 & -1, leg assembly).
(b) Leg--a straight line on the leg skin between the center of the
ankle bolt (part 210-5701 in drawing 210-5000-1 & -2, leg assembly) and
the knee bolt (part 210-5301 in drawing 210-5000-1 & -2, leg assembly).
S22.1.7 Seat set-up. Unless otherwise stated,
S22.1.7.1 Lumbar support adjustment. Position adjustable lumbar
supports so that the lumbar support is in its lowest, retracted or
deflated adjustment position.
S22.1.7.2 Other seat adjustments. Position any adjustable parts of
the seat that provide additional support so that they are in the lowest
or most open adjustment position.
S22.1.7.3 Set the seat and seat cushion in the position determined
in S16.2.10.3.1.
S22.1.7.4 Using only the control that primarily moves the seat in
the fore and aft direction, determine the full rearward, middle, and
full forward positions of the SCRP. Using any part of any seat or seat
cushion adjustments other than that which primarily moves the seat or
seat cushion fore-aft, determine the SCRP mid-point height for each of
the three fore-aft test positions, while maintaining, as closely as
possible, the seat cushion reference line angle determined in
S16.2.10.3.1.
S22.1.7.5 The seat back angle, if adjustable, is set at the
manufacturer's nominal design seat back angle for a 50th percentile
adult male as specified in S8.1.3.
S22.1.7.6 If adjustable, set the head restraint at the full down and
full forward position.
S22.2 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which shall
result in deactivation of the passenger air bag. Each vehicle that is
certified as complying with S21.2 shall meet the following test
requirements:
22.2.1 Belted test with forward facing or booster seat child
restraint
S22.2.1.1 Install the restraint in the front outboard passenger
vehicle seat in accordance, to the extent possible, with the child
restraint manufacturer's instructions provided with the seat for use by
children with the same height and weight as the 3-year-old child dummy.
S22.2.1.2 Locate a vertical plane through the longitudinal
centerline of the child restraint. This will be referred to as ``Plane
A''.
S22.2.1.3 For bucket seats, ``Plane B'' refers to a vertical
longitudinal plane through the longitudinal centerline of the seat
cushion of the front outboard passenger vehicle seat. For bench seats,
``Plane B'' refers to a vertical plane through the front outboard
passenger vehicle seat parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline
the same distance from the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle as the
center of the steering wheel.
S22.2.1.4 The vehicle shall comply with the child restraint belted
to the vehicle in the following manner:
(a) Using the vehicle safety belts as specified in S22.2.1.5 with
section C and section D child restraints of Appendix
[[Page 643]]
A of this section designed to be secured to the vehicle seat even when
empty; and
(b) If the child restraint is certified to S5.9 of Sec. 571.213,
and the vehicle seat has an anchorage system as specified in Sec.
571.225, using only the mechanism provided by the child restraint
manufacturer for attachment to the lower anchorage as specified in
S22.2.1.6.
S22.2.1.5 Installation with vehicle safety belts.
(a) Place any adjustable safety belt anchorages at the vehicle
manufacturer's nominal design position for a 50th percentile adult male
occupant.
(b) Without attaching the child restraint anchorage system
components specified in S5.9 of Sec. 571.213 to a vehicle child
restraint anchorage system specified in Sec. 571.225, align the child
restraint system facing forward, such that Plane A is aligned with Plane
B.
(c) While maintaining the child restraint positions achieved in
S22.2.1.5(b), secure the child restraint by following, to the extent
possible, the child restraint manufacturer's directions regarding proper
installation of the restraint. Cinch the vehicle belts to any tension
from zero up to 134 N to secure the child restraint. Measure belt
tension in a flat, straight section of the lap belt between the child
restraint belt path and the contact point with the belt anchor or
vehicle seat, on the side away from the buckle (to avoid interference
from the shoulder portion of the belt).
S22.2.1.6 Installation using the lower anchor bars and the
attachment mechanism provided by the child restraint manufacturer.
S22.2.1.6.1 If the mechanism provided by the manufacturer
incorporates a strap(s), use the following procedure.
(a) Place the child restraint on the vehicle seat facing forward,
with Plane A of the child restraint aligned within 10 mm with a longitudinal vertical plane passing through
a point midway between the centers of the two lower anchor bars.
(b) Position any adjustments on the child restraint, to the extent
possible, according to the child restraint manufacturer's instructions.
(c) Connect the lower anchor straps to the lower anchor bars and
remove most of the slack, but do not apply any load using these straps.
(d) Move the child restraint rearward until it contacts the seat
back.
(e) Do not attach any top tethers.
(f) Use the loading device equipped with the loading foot shown in
Figure A1 and position it as shown in Figure A2 of Appendix A of this
standard. The 153 degree angle of the loading
device is determined with an initial preload of 7525 N.
(g) Over a period of 9030 seconds, increase
the load to 87525 N.
(h) After achieving the 875 N load in step (g) of this section, hold
the bar length at the present position and allow the load to settle for
60 seconds.
(i) Following the one-minute settling period specified in step (h)
of this section, increase the load to 875 25 N
such that the 875 25 N load is achieved within 10
seconds of the settling period.
(j) Hold the bar length at present position and allow the load to
settle for 120 seconds after achieving the load in step (g) of this
section.
(k) Following the settling period specified in step (j) of this
section, increase the load to 875 25 N such that
the 875 25 N load is achieved within 10 seconds of
the settling period.
(l) Observe the settling of the load and tighten the lower anchor
straps when the load is 8505N or 180 seconds has
elapsed since achieving the 875 25 N load in step
(g) of this section, whichever comes first. Tighten the lower anchor
straps at the same time such that the load is reduced 15 10 N and the change occurs within 2 seconds.
(m) Remove the loading device.
S22.2.1.6.2 If the mechanism provided by the manufacturer does not
incorporate a strap(s), use the following procedure.
(a) Place the vehicle seat in the rear-most and mid-height position.
(b) Place the child restraint on the vehicle seat facing forward
with Plane A of the child restraint aligned within 10 mm with a longitudinal vertical plane passing through
a point midway between the centers of the two lower anchor bars.
[[Page 644]]
(c) Position any adjustments on the child restraint, to the extent
possible, according to the child restraint manufacturer's instructions.
(d) Connect the lower anchor attachments to the lower anchor bars
following, to the extent possible, the child restraint manufacturer's
instructions.
(e) Move the child restraint rearward until it contacts the seat
back.
(f) Do not attach any top tethers.
(g) If the child restraint does not use a linear sliding or
ratcheting mechanism that requires the application of force to securely
install the child restraint, follow, to the extent possible, the
manufacturer's instructions for installing the child restraint onto the
seat. Do not load the seat as provided in S22.2.1.6.2(h).
(h) If the child restraint uses a linear sliding or ratcheting
mechanism that requires the application of force to securely install the
child restraint, within 255 seconds apply a 475 N
force, that has no lateral component, aligned angularly 10 degrees with a parallel plane located within 100 mm of the plane formed by the linear mechanism.
Release the force.
(i) Move the vehicle seat to the seat position being tested (full
rear, mid, full forward).
S22.2.1.7 Forward facing child restraint.
S22.2.1.7.1 After installation of a forward facing child restraint,
position the 49 CFR part 572 subpart P 3-year-old child dummy in the
child restraint such that the dummy's lower torso is centered on the
child restraint and the dummy's spine is against the seat back of the
child restraint. Place the arms at the dummy's sides.
S22.2.1.7.2 Attach all belts that come with the child restraint that
are appropriate for a child of the same height and weight as the 3-year-
old child dummy, if any, by following, to the extent possible, the
manufacturer's instructions provided with the child restraint for
seating children.
S22.2.1.7.3 Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the
``on'' position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and
close all vehicle doors. Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag
is deactivated.
S22.2.1.8 Booster seat child restraint.
S22.2.1.8.1 After installation of a booster seat child restraint,
position the 49 CFR part 572 subpart P 3-year-old child dummy in the
booster seat such that the dummy's lower torso is centered on the
booster seat cushion and the dummy's back is parallel to and in contact
with the booster seat back or, if there is no booster seat back, the
vehicle seat back. Place the arms at the dummy's sides.
S22.2.1.8.2 If applicable, attach all belts that come with the child
restraint that are appropriate for a child of the same height and weight
as the 3-year-old child dummy, if any, by following, to the extent
possible, the manufacturer's instructions provided with the child
restraint for seating children.
S22.2.1.8.3 If applicable, place the Type 2 manual belt around the
test dummy and fasten the latch. Remove all slack from the lap belt
portion. Pull the upper torso webbing out of the retractor and allow it
to retract; repeat this four times. Apply a 9 to 18 N (2 to 4 lb)
tension load to the lap belt. Allow the excess webbing in the upper
torso belt to be retracted by the retractive force of the retractor.
S22.2.1.8.4 Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the
``on'' position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then
close all vehicle doors. Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag
is deactivated.
S22.2.2 Unbelted tests with dummies. Place the 49 CFR part 572
subpart P 3-year-old child dummy on the front outboard passenger vehicle
seat in any of the following positions (without using a child restraint
or booster seat or the vehicle's seat belts):
S22.2.2.1 Sitting on seat with back against seat back.
(a) Place the dummy on the front outboard passenger seat.
(b) In the case of vehicles equipped with bench seats, position the
midsagittal plane of the dummy vertically and parallel to the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline, within 10 mm (0.4 in), as the center of the steering wheel. In the
case of vehicles equipped with bucket seats, position the midsagittal
[[Page 645]]
plane of the dummy vertically such that it coincides with the
longitudinal centerline of the seat cushion, within 10 mm (0.4 in). Position the torso
of the dummy against the seat back. Position the dummy's thighs against
the seat cushion.
(c) Allow the legs of the dummy to extend off the surface of the
seat.
(d) Rotate the dummy's upper arms down until they contact the seat
back.
(e) Rotate the dummy's lower arms until the dummy's hands contact
the seat cushion.
(f) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
(g) Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is deactivated.
S22.2.2.2 Sitting on seat with back against reclined seat back.
Repeat the test sequence in S22.2.2.1 with the seat back angle 25
degrees rearward of the manufacturer's nominal design position for the
50th percentile adult male. If the seat will not recline 25 degrees
rearward of the nominal design position, use the closest position that
does not exceed 25 degrees.
S22.2.2.3 Sitting on seat with back not against seat back.
(a) Place the dummy on the front outboard passenger seat.
(b) In the case of vehicles equipped with bench seats, position the
midsagittal plane of the dummy vertically and parallel to the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline, within 10 mm (0.4 in), as the center of the steering wheel. In the
case of vehicles equipped with bucket seats, position the midsagittal
plane of the dummy vertically such that it coincides with the
longitudinal centerline of the seat cushion, within 10 mm (0.4 in). Position the dummy
with the spine vertical so that the horizontal distance from the dummy's
back to the seat back is no less than 25 mm (1.0 in) and no more than
150 mm (6.0 in), as measured along the dummy's midsagittal plane at the
mid-sternum level. To keep the dummy in position, a material with a
maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 lb) may be used to hold the
dummy.
(c) Position the dummy's thighs against the seat cushion.
(d) Allow the legs of the dummy to extend off the surface of the
seat.
(e) Position the upper arms parallel to the spine and rotate the
dummy's lower arms until the dummy's hands contact the seat cushion.
(f) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
(g) Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is deactivated.
S22.2.2.4 Sitting on seat edge, spine vertical, hands by the dummy's
sides.
(a) In the case of vehicles equipped with bench seats, position the
midsagittal plane of the dummy vertically and parallel to the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline, within 10 mm (0.4 in), as the center of the steering wheel. In the
case of vehicles equipped with bucket seats, position the midsagittal
plane of the dummy vertically such that it coincides with the
longitudinal centerline of the seat cushion, within 10 mm (0.4 in).
(b) Position the dummy in the seated position forward in the seat
such that the legs are vertical and the back of the legs rest against
the front of the seat with the spine vertical. If the dummy's feet
contact the floor pan, rotate the legs forward until the dummy is
resting on the seat with the feet positioned flat on the floor pan and
the dummy spine vertical. To keep the dummy in position, a material with
a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 lb) may be used to hold the
dummy.
(c) Place the upper arms parallel to the spine.
(d) Lower the dummy's lower arms such that they contact the seat
cushion.
(e) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
(f) Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is deactivated.
S22.2.2.5 Standing on seat, facing forward.
[[Page 646]]
(a) In the case of vehicles equipped with bench seats, position the
midsagittal plane of the dummy vertically and parallel to the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline, within 10 mm (0.4 in), as the center of the steering wheel rim. In the
case of vehicles equipped with bucket seats, position the midsagittal
plane of the dummy vertically such that it coincides with the
longitudinal centerline of the seat cushion, within 10 mm (0.4 in). Position the dummy
in a standing position on the front outboard passenger seat cushion
facing the front of the vehicle while placing the heels of the dummy's
feet in contact with the seat back.
(b) Rest the dummy against the seat back, with the arms parallel to
the spine.
(c) If the head contacts the vehicle roof, recline the seat so that
the head is no longer in contact with the vehicle roof, but allow no
more than 5 mm (0.2 in) distance between the head and the roof. If the
seat does not sufficiently recline to allow clearance, omit the test.
(d) If necessary use a material with a maximum breaking strength of
311 N (70 lb) or spacer blocks to keep the dummy in position.
(e) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
(f) Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is deactivated.
S22.2.2.6 Kneeling on seat, facing forward.
(a) In the case of vehicles equipped with bench seats, position the
midsagittal plane of the dummy vertically and parallel to the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline, within 10 mm (0.4 in), as the center of the steering wheel. In the
case of vehicles equipped with bucket seats, position the midsagittal
plane of the dummy vertically such that it coincides with the
longitudinal centerline of the seat cushion, within 10 mm (0.4 in).
(b) Position the dummy in a kneeling position in the front outboard
passenger vehicle seat with the dummy facing the front of the vehicle
with its toes at the intersection of the seat back and seat cushion.
Position the dummy so that the spine is vertical. Push down on the legs
so that they contact the seat as much as possible and then release.
Place the arms parallel to the spine.
(c) If necessary use a material with a maximum breaking strength of
311 N (70 lb) or spacer blocks to keep the dummy in position.
(d) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
(e) Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is deactivated.
S22.2.2.7 Kneeling on seat, facing rearward.
(a) In the case of vehicles equipped with bench seats, position the
midsagittal plane of the dummy vertically and parallel to the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline, within 10 mm (0.4 in), as the center of the steering wheel. In the
case of vehicles equipped with bucket seats, position the midsagittal
plane of the dummy vertically such that it coincides with the
longitudinal centerline of the seat cushion, within 10 mm (0.4 in).
(b) Position the dummy in a kneeling position in the front outboard
passenger vehicle seat with the dummy facing the rear of the vehicle.
Position the dummy such that the dummy's head and torso are in contact
with the seat back. Push down on the legs so that they contact the seat
as much as possible and then release. Place the arms parallel to the
spine.
(c) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
(d) Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is deactivated.
S22.2.2.8 Lying on seat. This test is performed only in vehicles
with 3 designated front seating positions.
(a) Lay the dummy on the front outboard passenger vehicle seat such
that the following criteria are met:
[[Page 647]]
(1) The midsagittal plane of the dummy is horizontal,
(2) The dummy's spine is perpendicular to the vehicle's longitudinal
axis,
(3) The dummy's arms are parallel to its spine,
(4) A plane passing through the two shoulder joints of the dummy is
vertical,
(5) The anterior of the dummy is facing the vehicle front,
(6) The head of the dummy is positioned towards the passenger door,
and
(7) The horizontal distance from the topmost point of the dummy's
head to the vehicle door is 50 to 100 mm (2-4 in).
(8) The dummy is as far back in the seat as possible.
(b) Rotate the thighs as much as possible toward the chest of the
dummy and rotate the legs as much as possible against the thighs.
(c) Move the dummy's upper left arm parallel to the vehicle's
transverse plane and the lower left arm 90 degrees to the upper arm.
Rotate the lower left arm about the elbow joint and toward the dummy's
head until movement is obstructed.
(d) Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
(e) Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag is deactivated.
S22.3 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which shall
result in activation of the passenger air bag system.
S22.3.1 Each vehicle certified to this option shall comply in tests
conducted with the front outboard passenger seating position at the mid-
height, in the full rearward, and middle positions determined in
S22.1.7.4, and the forward position determined in S16.3.3.1.8.
S22.3.2 Place a 49 CFR part 572 subpart O 5th percentile adult
female test dummy at the front outboard passenger seating position of
the vehicle, in accordance with procedures specified in S16.3.3 of this
standard, except as specified in S22.3.1. Do not fasten the seat belt.
S22.3.3 Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
S22.3.4 Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag system is
activated.
S22.4 Low risk deployment tests.
S22.4.1 Each vehicle that is certified as complying with S21.4 shall
meet the following test requirements with the 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart P
3-year-old child dummy in both of the following positions: Position 1
(S22.4.2) and Position 2 (S22.4.3).
S22.4.1.1 Locate and mark a point on the front of the dummy's chest
jacket on the midsagittal plane that is 114 mm (4.5 in) 3 mm (0.1 in) along the surface of
the skin from the top of the skin at the neck line. This is referred to
as ``Point 1.''
S22.4.1.2 Mark a point on the instrument panel that is
longitudinally and transversely, as measured along the surface of the
instrument panel, within 6 mm (0.2 in) of the point that is defined by the intersection
of the instrument panel and a line between the volumetric center of the
smallest volume that can encompass the folded undeployed air bag and the
volumetric center of the static fully inflated air bag.
S22.4.1.3 Locate the vertical plane parallel to the vehicle
longitudinal centerline through the point located in S22.4.1.2. This is
referred to as ``Plane D.''
S22.4.1.4 Locate the horizontal plane through the point located in
S22.4.1.2. This is referred to as ``Plane C.''
S22.4.2 Position 1 (chest on instrument panel).
S22.4.2.1 Set the seat and seat cushion in the positions determined
in S16.2.10.3.1. If the seat back is adjustable independent of the seat,
place the seat back at the manufacturer's nominal design seat back angle
for a 50th percentile adult male as specified in S8.1.3. Position any
adjustable parts of the seat that provide additional support so that
they are in the lowest or most open adjustment position. If adjustable,
set the head restraint in the lowest and most forward position.
S22.4.2.2 Place the dummy in the front outboard passenger seat such
that:
[[Page 648]]
S22.4.2.2.1 The midsagittal plane is coincident with Plane D within
10 mm (0.4 in).
S22.4.2.2.2 The legs are initially vertical to the floor pan. The
legs and thighs shall be adjusted to the extent necessary for the head/
torso to contact the instrument panel as specified in S22.4.2.3.
S22.4.2.2.3 The upper arms are parallel to the torso and the hands
are in contact with the thighs.
S22.4.2.3 Without changing the seat position and with the dummy's
thorax instrument cavity rear face vertical, move the dummy forward
until the dummy head/torso contacts the instrument panel. If the dummy
loses contact with the seat cushion because of the forward movement,
maintain the height of the dummy and the angle of the thigh with respect
to the torso. Once contact is made, raise the dummy vertically until
Point 1 lies in Plane C within 10 mm (0.4 in). If the dummy's head contacts the windshield and
keeps Point 1 from reaching Plane C, lower the dummy until there is no
more than 5 mm (0.2 in) clearance between the head and the windshield.
(The dummy shall remain in contact with the instrument panel while being
raised or lowered, which may change the dummy's fore-aft position.)
S22.4.2.4 If possible, position the legs of the dummy so that the
legs are vertical and the feet rest flat on the floor pan of the
vehicle. If the positioning against the instrument panel does not allow
the feet to be on the floor pan, the feet shall be parallel to the floor
pan.
S22.4.2.5 If necessary, material with a maximum breaking strength of
311 N (70 lb) and spacer blocks may be used to support the dummy in
position. The material should support the torso rather than the head.
Support the dummy so that there is minimum interference with the full
rotational and translational freedom for the upper torso of the dummy
and the material does not interfere with the air bag.
S22.4.3 Position 2 (head on instrument panel).
S22.4.3.1 Place the front outboard passenger seat at the mid-height,
in full rearward seating position determined in S22.1.7.4. Place the
seat back, if adjustable independent of the seat, at the manufacturer's
nominal design seat back angle for a 50th percentile adult male as
specified in S8.1.3. Position any adjustable parts of the seat that
provide additional support so that they are in the lowest or most open
adjustment position. If adjustable, set the head restraint in the lowest
and most forward position.
S22.4.3.2 Place the dummy in the front outboard passenger seat such
that:
S22.4.3.2.1 The midsagittal plane is coincident with Plane D within
10 mm (0.4 in).
S22.4.3.2.2 The legs are vertical to the floor pan, the back of the
legs are in contact with the seat cushion, and the dummy's thorax
instrument cavity rear face is vertical. If it is not possible to
position the dummy with the legs in the prescribed position, rotate the
legs forward until the dummy is resting on the seat with the feet
positioned flat on the floor pan, and the back of the legs are in
contact with the front of the seat cushion. Set the transverse distance
between the longitudinal centerlines at the front of the dummy's knees
at 86 to 91 mm (3.4 to 3.6 in), with the thighs and the legs of the
dummy in vertical planes.
S22.4.3.2.3 The upper arms are parallel to the torso and the hands
are in contact with the thighs.
S22.4.3.3 Using only the control that primarily moves the seat in
the fore and aft direction, move the seat forward, while maintaining the
thorax instrument cavity rear face orientation until any part of the
dummy contacts the vehicle's instrument panel.
S22.4.3.4 If dummy contact has not been made with the vehicle's
instrument panel at the full forward seating position of the seat, slide
the dummy forward until contact is made. Maintain the thorax instrument
cavity rear face vertical orientation. If the dummy loses contact with
the seat, from that point forward, maintain the height of the dummy.
Except as provided in S22.4.3.5, maintain the angle of the thigh with
respect to the horizontal.
S22.4.3.5 If head/torso contact with the instrument panel has not
been made, maintain the angle of the thighs
[[Page 649]]
with respect to the horizontal while applying a force towards the front
of the vehicle on the spine of the dummy between the shoulder joints,
perpendicular to the thorax instrument cavity rear face, until the head
or torso comes into contact with the vehicle's instrument panel or until
a maximum force of 222 N (50 lb) is achieved. If the head/torso is still
not in contact with the instrument panel, hold the femurs and release
the 222 N (50 lb) force. While maintaining the relative angle between
the torso and the femurs, roll the dummy forward on the seat cushion,
without sliding, until head/torso contact with the instrument panel is
achieved. If seat contact is lost prior to or during femur rotation out
of the horizontal plane, constrain the dummy to rotate about the dummy
H-point. If the dummy cannot be rolled forward on the seat due to
contact of the dummy feet with the floor pan, extend the lower legs
forward, at the knees, until floor pan contact is avoided.
S22.4.3.6 If necessary, material with a maximum breaking strength of
311 N (70 lb) and spacer blocks may be used to support the dummy in
position. The material should support the torso rather than the head.
Support the dummy so that there is minimum interference with the full
rotational and translational freedom for the upper torso of the dummy
and the material does not interfere with the air bag.
S22.4.4 Deploy the front outboard passenger frontal air bag system.
If the frontal air bag system contains a multistage inflator, the
vehicle shall be able to comply with the injury criteria at any stage or
combination of stages or time delay between successive stages that could
occur in a rigid barrier crash test at or below 26 km/h (16 mph), under
the test procedure specified in S22.5.
S22.5 Test procedure for determining stages of air bag systems
subject to low risk deployment (low speed crashes) test requirement.
S22.5.1 The test described in S22.5.2 shall be conducted with an
unbelted 50th percentile adult male test dummy in the driver seating
position according to S8 as it applies to that seating position and an
unbelted 5th percentile adult female test dummy either in the front
outboard passenger vehicle seating position according to S16 as it
applies to that seating position or at any fore-aft seat position on the
passenger side.
S22.5.2 Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any
speed, up to and including 26 km/h (16 mph) into a fixed rigid barrier
that is perpendicular 5 degrees to the line of
travel of the vehicle under the applicable conditions of S8, S10, and
S16 excluding S10.7, S10.8, S10.9, and S16.3.5.
S22.5.3 Determine which inflation stage or combination of stages are
fired and determine the time delay between successive stages. That stage
or combination of stages, with time delay between successive stages,
shall be used in deploying the air bag when conducting the low risk
deployment tests described in S22.4, S24.4, and S26.
S22.5.4 If the air bag does not deploy in the impact described in
S22.5.2, the low risk deployment tests described in S22.4, S24.4, and
S26 shall be conducted with all stages using the maximum time delay
between stages.
S23 Requirements using 6-year-old child dummies.
S23.1 Each vehicle that is certified as complying with S14 shall, at
the option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements specified in
S23.2, S23.3, or S23.4, under the test procedures specified in S24 or
S28, as applicable.
S23.2 Option 1--Automatic suppression feature. Each vehicle shall
meet the requirements specified in S23.2.1 through S23.2.3.
S23.2.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression
feature for the passenger frontal air bag system which results in
deactivation of the air bag during each of the static tests specified in
S24.2 (using a 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart N 6-year-old child dummy in any
of the child restraints specified in section D of Appendix A of this
standard), and activation of the air bag system during each of the
static tests specified in S24.3 (using a 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart O 5th
percentile adult female dummy).
S23.2.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with a telltale light meeting
the requirements specified in S19.2.2.
S23.2.3 The vehicle shall be equipped with a mechanism that
indicates
[[Page 650]]
whether the air bag is suppressed, regardless of whether the passenger
seat is occupied. The mechanism need not be located in the occupant
compartment unless it is the telltale described in S23.2.2.
S23.3 Option 2--Dynamic automatic suppression system that suppresses
the air bag when an occupant is out of position. (This option is
available under the conditions set forth in S27.1.) The vehicle shall be
equipped with a dynamic automatic suppression system for the passenger
frontal air bag system which meets the requirements specified in S27.
S23.4 Option 3--Low risk deployment. Each vehicle shall meet the
injury criteria specified in S23.5 of this standard when the passenger
air bag is statically deployed in accordance with both of the low risk
deployment test procedures specified in S24.4.
S23.5 Injury criteria for the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart N 6-year-old
child dummy.
S23.5.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within the
outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment.
S23.5.2 Head injury criteria.
(a) For any two points in time, t1 and t2,
during the event which are separated by not more than a 15 millisecond
time interval and where t1 is less than t2, the
head injury criterion (HIC15) shall be determined using the
resultant head acceleration at the center of gravity of the dummy head,
ar, expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of
gravity) and shall be calculated using the expression:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR18DE01.001
(b) The maximum calculated HIC15 value shall not exceed
700.
S23.5.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the
thoracic instrumentation shall not exceed 60 g's, except for intervals
whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
S23.5.4 Compression deflection of the sternum relative to the spine,
as determined by instrumentation, shall not exceed 40 mm (l.6 in).
S23.5.5 Neck injury. When measuring neck injury, each of the
following injury criteria shall be met.
(a) Nij.
(1) The shear force (Fx), axial force (Fz), and bending moment (My)
shall be measured by the dummy upper neck load cell for the duration of
the crash event as specified in S4.11. Shear force, axial force, and
bending moment shall be filtered for Nij purposes at SAE J211/1 rev.
Mar95 Channel Frequency Class 600 (see S4.7).
(2) During the event, the axial force (Fz) can be either in tension
or compression while the occipital condyle bending moment (Mocy) can be
in either flexion or extension. This results in four possible loading
conditions for Nij: tension-extension (Nte), tension-flexion (Ntf),
compression-extension (Nce), or compression-flexion (Ncf).
(3) When calculating Nij using equation S23.5.5(a)(4), the critical
values, Fzc and Myc, are:
(i) Fzc = 2800 N (629 lbf) when Fz is in tension
(ii) Fzc = 2800 N (629 lbf) when Fz is in compression
(iii) Myc = 93 Nm (69 lbf-ft) when a flexion moment exists at the
occipital condyle
(iv) Myc = 37 Nm (27 lbf-ft) when an extension moment exists at the
occipital condyle.
(4) At each point in time, only one of the four loading conditions
occurs and the Nij value corresponding to that loading condition is
computed and the three remaining loading modes shall be considered a
value of zero. The expression for calculating each Nij loading condition
is given by:
Nij = (Fz / Fzc) + (Mocy / Myc)
(5) None of the four Nij values shall exceed 1.0 at any time during
the event.
(b) Peak tension. Tension force (Fz), measured at the upper neck
load cell, shall not exceed 1490 N (335 lbf) at any time.
(c) Peak compression. Compression force (Fz), measured at the upper
neck load cell, shall not exceed 1820 N (409 lbf) at any time.
S23.5.6 Unless otherwise indicated, instrumentation for data
acquisition,
[[Page 651]]
data channel frequency class, and moment calculations are the same as
given for the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart N 6-year-old child test dummy.
S24 Test procedure for S23.
S24.1 General provisions and definitions.
S24.1.1 Tests specifying the use of a booster seat may be conducted
using any such restraint listed in section D of Appendix A of this
standard. The booster seat may be unused or have been previously used
only for automatic suppression. If it has been used, there shall not be
any visible damage prior to the test. Booster seats are to be used in
the manner appropriate for a 6-year-old child of the same height and
weight as the 6-year-old child dummy.
S24.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, each vehicle certified to this
option shall comply in tests conducted with the front outboard passenger
seating position at the mid-height, in the full rearward seat track
position, the middle seat track position, and the full forward seat
track position as determined in this section. Using only the control
that primarily moves the seat in the fore and aft direction, determine
the full rearward, middle, and full forward positions of the SCRP. Using
any seat or seat cushion adjustments other than that which primarily
moves the seat fore-aft, determine the SCRP mid-point height for each of
the three fore-aft test positions, while maintaining as closely as
possible, the seat cushion angle determined in S16.2.10.3.1. Set the
seat back angle, if adjustable independent of the seat, at the
manufacturer's nominal design seat back angle for a 50th percentile
adult male as specified in S8.1.3. If the dummy contacts the vehicle
interior, move the seat rearward to the next detent that provides
clearance. If the seat is a power seat, move the seat rearward while
assuring that there is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in) distance between the
vehicle interior and the point on the dummy that would first contact the
vehicle interior.
S24.1.3 Except as otherwise specified, if the booster seat has an
anchorage system as specified in S5.9 of FMVSS No. 213 and is used under
this standard in testing a vehicle with a front outboard passenger
vehicle seat that has an anchorage system as specified in FMVSS No. 225,
the vehicle shall comply with the belted test conditions with the
restraint anchorage system attached to the FMVSS No. 225 vehicle seat
anchorage system and the vehicle seat belt unattached. It shall also
comply with the belted test conditions with the restraint anchorage
system unattached to the FMVSS No. 225 vehicle seat anchorage system and
the vehicle seat belt attached. The vehicle shall comply with the
unbelted test conditions with the restraint anchorage system unattached
to the FMVSS No. 225 vehicle seat anchorage system.
S24.1.4 Do not attach any tethers.
S24.1.5 The definitions provided in S16.3.1 through S16.3.10 apply
to the tests specified in S24.
S24.1.6 For leg and thigh angles, use the following references:
S24.1.6.1 Thigh--a straight line on the thigh skin between the
center of the 5/16-18 UNC-2B threaded access hole in the upper leg clamp
(drawing 127-4004, 6 YR H3--upper leg clamp) and the knee screw (part
9000248 in drawing 127-4000-1 & -2, leg assembly).
S24.1.6.2 Leg--a straight line on the leg skin between the center of
the lower leg screw (part 9001170 in drawing 127-4000-1 & -2, leg
assembly) and the knee screw (part 9000248 in drawing 127-4000-1 & -2,
leg assembly).
S24.2 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which shall
result in deactivation of the passenger air bag. Each vehicle that is
certified as complying with S23.2 of FMVSS No. 208 shall meet the
following test requirements with the child restraint in the front
outboard passenger vehicle seat under the following conditions:
(a) Using the vehicle safety belts as specified in S22.2.1.5 with
section D child restraints designed to be secured to the vehicle seat
even when empty;
(b) If the child restraint is certified to S5.9 of Sec. 571.213,
and the vehicle seat has an anchorage system as specified in Sec.
571.225, using only the mechanism provided by the child restraint
manufacturer for attachment to the lower anchorage as specified in
S22.2.1.6; and
(c) Without securing the child restraint with either the vehicle
safety belts or any mechanism provided with
[[Page 652]]
a child restraint certified to S5.9 of Sec. 571.213.
S24.2.1 Except as provided in S24.2.2, conduct all tests as
specified in S22.2, except that the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart N 6-year-old
child dummy shall be used.
S24.2.2 Exceptions. The tests specified in the following paragraphs
of S22.2 need not be conducted: S22.2.1.7, S22.2.2.3, S22.2.2.5,
S22.2.2.6, S22.2.2.7, and S22.2.2.8.
S24.2.3 Sitting back in the seat and leaning on the front outboard
passenger door.
(a) Place the dummy in the seated position in the front outboard
passenger vehicle seat. For bucket seats, position the midsagittal plane
of the dummy vertically such that it coincides with the longitudinal
centerline of the seat cushion, within 10 mm
(0.4 in). For bench seats, position the
midsagittal plane of the dummy vertically and parallel to the vehicle's
longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the longitudinal
centerline of the vehicle, within 10 mm (0.4 in), as the center of the steering wheel.
(b) Place the dummy's back against the seat back and rest the
dummy's thighs on the seat cushion.
(c) Allow the legs and feet of the dummy to extend off the surface
of the seat. If this positioning of the dummy's legs is prevented by
contact with the instrument panel, using only the control that primarily
moves the seat fore and aft, move the seat rearward to the next detent
that provides clearance. If the seat is a power seat, move the seat
rearward, while assuring that there is a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in)
distance between the vehicle interior and the part of the dummy that was
in contact with the vehicle interior.
(d) Rotate the dummy's upper arms toward the seat back until they
make contact.
(e) Rotate the dummy's lower arms down until they contact the seat.
(f) Close the vehicle's passenger-side door and then start the
vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on'' position, whichever
will turn on the suppression system.
(g) Push against the dummy's left shoulder to lean the dummy against
the door; close all remaining doors.
(h) Wait ten seconds, then check whether the air bag is deactivated.
S24.3 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which shall
result in activation of the passenger air bag system.
S24.3.1 Each vehicle certified to this option shall comply in tests
conducted with the front outboard passenger seating position at the mid-
height, in the full rearward and middle positions determined in S24.1.2,
and the forward position determined in S16.3.3.1.8.
S24.3.2 Place a 49 CFR part 572 subpart O 5th percentile adult
female test dummy at the front outboard passenger seating position of
the vehicle, in accordance with procedures specified in S16.3.3 of this
standard, except as specified in S24.3.1. Do not fasten the seat belt.
S24.3.3 Start the vehicle engine or place the ignition in the ``on''
position, whichever will turn on the suppression system, and then close
all vehicle doors.
S24.3.4 Wait 10 seconds, then check whether the air bag system is
activated.
S24.4 Low risk deployment tests.
S24.4.1 Each vehicle that is certified as complying with S23.4 shall
meet the following test requirements with the 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart N
6-year-old child dummy in both of the following positions: Position 1
(S24.4.2) or Position 2 (S24.4.3).
S24.4.1.1 Locate and mark a point on the front of the dummy's chest
jacket on the midsagittal plane that is 139 mm (5.5 in) 3 mm (0.1in) along the surface of
the skin from the top of the skin at the neckline. This is referred to
as ``Point 1.''
S24.4.1.2 Mark a point on the instrument panel that is
longitudinally and transversely, as measured along the surface of the
instrument panel, within 6 mm (0.2 in) of the point that is defined by the intersection
of the instrument panel and a line between the volumetric center of the
smallest volume that can encompass the folded undeployed air bag and the
volumetric center of the static fully inflated air bag.
S22.4.1.3 Locate the vertical plane parallel to the vehicle
longitudinal centerline through the point located in
[[Page 653]]
S24.4.1.2. This is referred to as ``Plane D.''
S24.4.1.4 Locate the horizontal plane through the point located in
S24.4.1.2. This is referred to as ``Plane C.''
S24.4.2 Position 1 (chest on instrument panel).
S24.4.2.1 Set the seat and seat cushion in the positions determined
in S16.2.10.3.1. If the seat back is adjustable independent of the seat,
place the seat back at the manufacturer's nominal design seat back angle
for a 50th percentile adult male as specified in S8.1.3. Position any
adjustable parts of the seat that provide additional support so that
they are in the lowest or most open adjustment position. If adjustable,
set the head restraint in the lowest and most forward position.
S24.4.2.2 Remove the legs of the dummy at the pelvic interface.
S24.4.2.3 Place the dummy in the front outboard passenger seat such
that:
(a) The midsagittal plane is coincident with Plane D within 10 mm (0.4 in).
(b) The upper arms are parallel to the torso and the hands are next
to where the thighs would be.
(c) Without changing the seat position and with the dummy's thorax
instrument cavity rear face 6 degrees forward of the vertical, move the
dummy forward until the dummy head/torso contacts the instrument panel.
If the dummy loses contact with the seat cushion because of the forward
movement, maintain the height of the dummy while moving the dummy
forward. If the head contacts the windshield before head/torso contact
with the instrument panel, maintain the thorax instrument cavity angle
and move the dummy forward such that the head is following the angle of
the windshield until there is head/torso contact with the instrument
panel. Once contact is made, raise or lower the dummy vertically until
Point 1 lies in Plane C within 10 mm (0.4 in). If the dummy's head contacts the windshield and
keeps Point 1 from reaching Plane C, lower the dummy until there is no
more than 5 mm (0.2 in) clearance between the head and the windshield.
(The dummy shall remain in contact with the instrument panel while being
raised or lowered which may change the dummy's fore-aft position.)
S24.4.2.4 If necessary, material with a maximum breaking strength of
311 N (70 lb) and spacer blocks may be used to support the dummy in
position. The material should support the torso rather than the head.
Support the dummy so that there is minimum interference with the full
rotational and translational freedom for the upper torso of the dummy
and the material does not interfere with the air bag.
S24.4.3 Position 2 (head on instrument panel).
S24.4.3.1 Place the front outboard passenger seat at the mid-height
full rearward seating position determined in S24.1.2. Place the seat
back, if adjustable independent of the seat, at the manufacturer's
nominal design seat back angle for a 50th percentile adult male as
specified in S8.1.3. Position any adjustable parts of the seat that
provide additional support so that they are in the lowest or most open
adjustment position. Position an adjustable head restraint in the lowest
and most forward position.
S24.4.3.2 Place the dummy in the front outboard passenger seat such
that:
(a) The midsagittal plane is coincident with Plane D within 10 mm (0.4 in).
(b) The legs are perpendicular to the floor pan, the back of the
legs are in contact with the seat cushion, and the dummy's thorax
instrument cavity rear face is 6 degrees forward of vertical. If it is
not possible to position the dummy with the legs in the prescribed
position, rotate the legs forward until the dummy is resting on the seat
with the feet positioned flat on the floor pan and the back of the legs
are in contact with the front of the seat cushion. Set the transverse
distance between the longitudinal centerlines at the front of the
dummy's knees at 112 to 117 mm (4.4 to 4.6 in), with the thighs and the
legs of the dummy in vertical planes.
(c) The upper arms are parallel to the torso and the hands are in
contact with the thighs.
S24.4.3.3 Using only the control that primarily moves the seat in
the fore
[[Page 654]]
and aft direction, move the seat forward, while maintaining the thorax
instrument cavity rear face orientation until any part of the dummy
contacts the vehicle's instrument panel.
S24.4.3.4 If dummy contact has not been made with the vehicle's
instrument panel at the full forward seating position of the seat, slide
the dummy forward on the seat until contact is made. Maintain the thorax
instrument cavity rear face orientation. If the dummy loses contact with
the seat, from that point forward maintain the height of the dummy.
Except as provided in S24.4.3.5, maintain the angle of the thigh with
respect to the horizontal.
S24.4.3.5 If head/torso contact with the instrument panel has not
been made, maintain the angle of the thighs with respect to the
horizontal while applying a force towards the front of the vehicle on
the spine of the dummy between the shoulder joints, perpendicular to the
thorax instrument cavity rear face, until the head or torso comes into
contact with the vehicle's instrument panel or until a maximum force of
222 N (50 lb) is achieved. If the head/torso is still not in contact
with the instrument panel, hold the femurs and release the 222 N (50 lb)
force. While maintaining the relative angle between the torso and the
femurs, roll the dummy forward on the seat cushion, without sliding,
until head/torso contact with the instrument panel is achieved. If seat
contact is lost prior to or during femur rotation out of the horizontal
plane, constrain the dummy to rotate about the dummy H-point. If the
dummy cannot be rolled forward on the seat due to contact of the dummy
feet with the floor pan, extend the lower legs forward, at the knees,
until floor pan contact is avoided.
S24.4.3.6 If necessary, material with a maximum breaking strength of
311 N (70 lb) and spacer blocks may be used to support the dummy in
position. The material should support the torso rather than the head.
Support the dummy so that there is minimum interference with the full
rotational and translational freedom for the upper torso of the dummy
and the material does not interfere with the air bag.
S24.4.4 Deploy the front outboard passenger frontal air bag system.
If the frontal air bag system contains a multistage inflator, the
vehicle shall be able to comply with the injury criteria at any stage or
combination of stages or time delay between successive stages that could
occur in a rigid barrier crash test at or below 26 km/h (16 mph), under
the test procedure specified in S22.5.
S25 Requirements using an out-of-position 5th percentile adult
female dummy at the driver position.
S25.1 Each vehicle certified as complying with S14 shall, at the
option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements specified in S25.2 or
S25.3 under the test procedures specified in S26 or S28, as appropriate.
S25.2 Option 1--Dynamic automatic suppression system that suppresses
the air bag when the driver is out of position. (This option is
available under the conditions set forth in S27.1.) The vehicle shall be
equipped with a dynamic automatic suppression system for the driver air
bag which meets the requirements specified in S27.
S25.3 Option 2--Low risk deployment. Each vehicle shall meet the
injury criteria specified by S15.3 of this standard, except as modified
in S25.4, when the driver air bag is statically deployed in accordance
with both of the low risk deployment test procedures specified in S26.
S25.4 Neck injury criteria driver low risk deployment tests. When
measuring neck injury in low risk deployment tests for the driver
position, each of the following neck injury criteria shall be met.
(a) Nij.
(1) The shear force (Fx), axial force (Fz), and bending moment (My)
shall be measured by the dummy upper neck load cell for the duration of
the crash event as specified in S4.11. Shear force, axial force, and
bending moment shall be filtered for Nij purposes at SAE J211/1 rev. Mar
95 Channel Frequency Class 600 (see S4.7).
(2) During the event, the axial force (Fz) can be either in tension
or compression while the occipital condyle bending moment (Mocy) can be
in either flexion or extension. This results in four possible loading
conditions for
[[Page 655]]
Nij: tension-extension (Nte), tension-flexion (Ntf), compression-
extension (Nce), or compression-flexion (Ncf).
(3) When calculating Nij using equation S25.4(a)(4), the critical
values, Fzc and Myc, are:
(i) Fzc = 3880 N (872 lbf) when Fz is in tension
(ii) Fzc = 3880 N (872 lbf) when Fz is in compression
(iii) Myc = 155 Nm (114 lbf-ft) when a flexion moment exists at the
occipital condyle
(iv) Myc = 61 Nm (45 lbf-ft) when an extension moment exists at the
occipital condyle.
(4) At each point in time, only one of the four loading conditions
occurs and the Nij value corresponding to that loading condition is
computed and the three remaining loading modes shall be considered a
value of zero. The expression for calculating each Nij loading condition
is given by:
Nij = (Fz / Fzc) + (Mocy / Myc)
(5) None of the four Nij values shall exceed 1.0 at any time during
the event.
(b) Peak tension. Tension force (Fz), measured at the upper neck
load cell, shall not exceed 2070 N (465 lbf) at any time.
(c) Peak compression. Compression force (Fz), measured at the upper
neck load cell, shall not exceed 2520 N (566 lbf) at any time.
(d) Unless otherwise indicated, instrumentation for data
acquisition, data channel frequency class, and moment calculations are
the same as given in 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart O 5th percentile female
test dummy.
S26 Procedure for low risk deployment tests of driver air bag.
S26.1 Each vehicle that is certified as complying with S25.3 shall
meet the requirements of S25.3 and S25.4 with the 49 CFR Part 572
Subpart O 5th percentile adult female dummy in both of the following
positions: Driver position 1 (S26.2) and Driver position 2 (S26.3).
S26.2 Driver position 1 (chin on module).
S26.2.1 Adjust the steering controls so that the steering wheel hub
is at the geometric center of the locus it describes when it is moved
through its full range of driving positions. If there is no setting at
the geometric center, position it one setting lower than the geometric
center. Set the rotation of the steering wheel so that the vehicle
wheels are pointed straight ahead.
S26.2.2 Mark a point on the steering wheel cover that is
longitudinally and transversely, as measured along the surface of the
steering wheel cover, within 6 mm (0.2 in) of the point that is defined by the intersection
of the steering wheel cover and a line between the volumetric center of
the smallest volume that can encompass the folded undeployed air bag and
the volumetric center of the static fully inflated air bag. Locate the
vertical plane parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline through
the point located on the steering wheel cover. This is referred to as
``Plane E.''
S26.2.3 Place the seat and seat cushion in the position achieved in
S16.2.10.3.1. If the seat or seat cushion is adjustable in the vertical
direction by adjustments other than that which primarily moves the seat
or seat cushion fore-aft, determine the maximum and minimum heights of
the SCRP at this position, while maintaining the seat cushion reference
line angle as closely as possible. Place the SCRP in the mid-height
position. If the seat back is adjustable independent of the seat, place
the seat back at the manufacturer's nominal design seat back angle for a
50th percentile adult male as specified in S8.1.3. Position any
adjustable parts of the seat that provide additional support so that
they are in the lowest or most open adjustment position. Position an
adjustable head restraint in the lowest and most forward position.
S26.2.4 Place the dummy in the driver's seat such that:
S26.2.4.1 The midsagittal plane is coincident with Plane E within
10 mm (0.4 in).
S26.2.4.2 The legs are perpendicular to the floor pan and the back
of the legs are in contact with the seat cushion. The legs may be
adjusted if necessary to achieve the final head position.
S26.2.4.3 The dummy's thorax instrument cavity rear face is 6
degrees forward (toward the front of the vehicle) of the steering wheel
angle (i.e., if the
[[Page 656]]
steering wheel angle is 25 degrees from vertical, the thorax instrument
cavity rear face angle is 31 degrees).
S26.2.4.4 The initial transverse distance between the longitudinal
centerlines at the front of the dummy's knees is 160 to 170 mm (6.3 to
6.7 in), with the thighs and legs of the dummy in vertical planes.
S26.2.4.5 The upper arms are parallel to the torso and the hands are
in contact with the thighs.
S26.2.5 Maintaining the spine angle, slide the dummy forward until
the head/torso contacts the steering wheel.
S26.2.6 While maintaining the spine angle, adjust the height of the
dummy so that the bottom of the chin is in the same horizontal plane as
the highest point of the air bag module cover (dummy height can be
adjusted using the seat height adjustments and/or spacer blocks). If the
seat prevents the bottom of the chin from being in the same horizontal
plane as the module cover, adjust the dummy height to as close to the
prescribed position as possible.
S26.2.7 If necessary, material with a maximum breaking strength of
311 N (70 lb) and spacer blocks may be used to support the dummy in
position. The material should support the torso rather than the head.
Support the dummy so that there is minimum interference with the full
rotational and translational freedom for the upper torso of the dummy
and the material does not interfere with the air bag.
S26.3 Driver position 2 (chin on rim).
S26.3.1 Place the seat and seat cushion in the position achieved in
S16.2.10.3.1. If the seat or seat cushion is adjustable in the vertical
direction by adjustments other than that which primarily moves the seat
or seat cushion fore-aft, determine the maximum and minimum heights of
the SCRP at this position, while maintaining the seat cushion reference
line angle as closely as possible. Place the SCRP in the mid-height
position. If the seat back is adjustable independent of the seat, place
the seat back at the manufacturer's nominal design seat back angle for a
50th percentile adult male as specified in S8.1.3. Position any
adjustable parts of the seat that provide additional support so that
they are in the lowest or most open adjustment position. Position an
adjustable head restraint in the lowest position.
S26.3.2 Adjust the steering controls so that the steering wheel hub
is at the geometric center of the locus it describes when it is moved
through its full range of driving positions. If there is no setting at
the geometric center, position it one setting lower than the geometric
center. Set the rotation of the steering wheel so that the vehicle
wheels are pointed straight ahead.
S26.3.3 Mark a point on the steering wheel cover that is
longitudinally and transversely, as measured along the surface of the
steering wheel cover, within 6 mm (0.2 in) of the point that is defined by the intersection
of the steering wheel cover and a line between the volumetric center of
the smallest volume that can encompass the folded undeployed air bag and
the volumetric center of the static fully inflated air bag. Locate the
vertical plane parallel to the vehicle longitudinal centerline through
the point located on the steering wheel cover. This is referred to as
``Plane E.''
S26.3.4 Place the dummy in the driver's seat position such that:
S26.3.4.1 The midsagittal plane is coincident with Plane E within
10 mm (0.4 in).
S26.3.4.2 The legs are perpendicular to the floor pan and the back
of the legs are in contact with the seat cushion. The legs may be
adjusted if necessary to achieve the final head position.
S26.3.4.3 The dummy's thorax instrument cavity rear face is 6
degrees forward (toward the front of the vehicle) of the steering wheel
angle (i.e., if the steering wheel angle is 25 degrees from vertical,
the thorax instrument cavity rear face angle is 31 degrees).
S26.3.4.4 The initial transverse distance between the longitudinal
centerlines at the front of the dummy's knees is 160 to 170 mm (6.3 to
6.7 in), with the thighs and legs of the dummy in vertical planes.
S26.3.4.5 The upper arms are parallel to the torso and the hands are
in contact with the thighs.
S26.3.5 Maintaining the spine angle, slide the dummy forward until
the head/torso contacts the steering wheel.
[[Page 657]]
S26.3.6 While maintaining the spine angle, position the dummy so
that a point on the chin 40 mm (1.6 in) 3 mm
(0.1 in) below the center of the mouth (chin
point) is, within 10 mm (0.4
in), in contact with a point on the steering wheel rim surface closest
to the dummy that is 10 mm (0.4 in) vertically below the highest point
on the rim in Plane E. If the dummy's head contacts the vehicle
windshield or upper interior before the prescribed position can be
obtained, lower the dummy until there is no more than 5 mm (0.2 in)
clearance between the vehicle's windshield or upper interior, as
applicable.
S26.3.7 If the steering wheel can be adjusted so that the chin point
can be in contact with the rim of the uppermost portion of the steering
wheel, adjust the steering wheel to that position. If the steering wheel
contacts the dummy's leg(s) prior to attaining this position, adjust it
to the next highest detent, or if infinitely adjustable, until there is
a maximum of 5 mm (0.2 in) clearance between the wheel and the dummy's
leg(s). Readjust the dummy's torso such that the thorax instrument
cavity rear face is 6 degrees forward of the steering wheel angle.
Position the dummy so that the chin point is in contact, or if contact
is not achieved, as close as possible to contact with the rim of the
uppermost portion of the steering wheel.
S26.3.8 If necessary, material with a maximum breaking strength of
311 N (70 lb) and spacer blocks may be used to support the dummy in
position. The material should support the torso rather than the head.
Support the dummy so that there is minimum interference with the full
rotational and translational freedom for the upper torso of the dummy
and the material does not interfere with the air bag.
S26.4 Deploy the driver frontal air bag system. If the frontal air
bag system contains a multistage inflator, the vehicle shall be able to
comply with the injury criteria at any stage or combination of stages or
time delay between successive stages that could occur in a rigid barrier
crash test at or below 26 km/h (16 mph), under the test procedure
specified in S22.5.
S27 Option for dynamic automatic suppression system that suppresses
the air bag when an occupant is out-of-position.
S27.1 Availability of option. This option is available for either
air bag, singly or in conjunction, subject to the requirements of S27,
if:
(a) A petition for rulemaking to establish dynamic automatic
suppression system test procedures is submitted pursuant to Subpart B of
Part 552 and a test procedure applicable to the vehicle is added to S28
pursuant to the procedures specified by that subpart, or
(b) A test procedure applicable to the vehicle is otherwise added to
S28.
S27.2 Definitions. For purposes of S27 and S28, the following
definitions apply:
Automatic suppression zone or ASZ means a three-dimensional zone
adjacent to the air bag cover, specified by the vehicle manufacturer,
where the deployment of the air bag will be suppressed by the DASS if a
vehicle occupant enters the zone under specified conditions.
Dynamic automatic suppression system or DASS means a portion of an
air bag system that automatically controls whether or not the air bag
deploys during a crash by:
(1) Sensing the location of an occupant, moving or still, in
relation to the air bag;
(2) Interpreting the occupant characteristics and location
information to determine whether or not the air bag should deploy; and
(3) Activating or suppressing the air bag system based on the
interpretation of occupant characteristics and location information.
S27.3 Requirements. Each vehicle shall, at each applicable front
outboard designated seating position, when tested under the conditions
of S28 of this standard, comply with the requirements specified in S27.4
through S27.6.
S27.4 Each vehicle shall be equipped with a DASS.
S27.5 Static test requirement (low risk deployment for occupants
outside the ASZ).
S27.5.1 Driver (49 CFR Part 572 Subpart O 5th percentile female
dummy). Each vehicle shall meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3
of this standard when
[[Page 658]]
the driver air bag is deployed in accordance with the procedures
specified in S28.1.
S27.5.2 Passenger (49 CFR Part 572 Subpart P 3-year-old child dummy
and 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart N 6-year-old child dummy). Each vehicle
shall meet the injury criteria specified in S21.5 and S23.5, as
appropriate, when the passenger air bag is deployed in accordance with
the procedures specified in S28.2.
S27.6 Dynamic test requirement (suppression of air bag for occupants
inside the ASZ).
S27.6.1 Driver. The DASS shall suppress the driver air bag before
the head, neck, or torso of the specified test device enters the ASZ
when the vehicle is tested under the procedures specified in S28.3.
S27.6.2 Passenger. The DASS shall suppress the passenger air bag
before head, neck, or torso of the specified test device enters the ASZ
when the vehicle is tested under the procedures specified in S28.4.
S28 Test procedure for S27 of this standard. [Reserved]
S28.1 Driver suppression zone verification test (49 CFR Part 572
Subpart O 5th percentile female dummy). [Reserved]
S28.2 Passenger suppression zone verification test (49 CFR Part 572
Subpart P 3-year-old child dummy and 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart N 6-year-
old child dummies). [Reserved]
S28.3 Driver dynamic test procedure for DASS requirements.
[Reserved]
S28.4 Passenger dynamic test procedure for DASS requirements.
[Reserved]
S29 Manufacturer option to certify vehicles to certain static
suppression test requirements using human beings rather than test
dummies.
S29.1 At the option of the manufacturer, instead of using test
dummies in conducting the tests for the following automatic suppression
and occupant recognition parts of the low risk deployment test
requirements, human beings may be used as specified. If human beings are
used, they shall assume, to the extent possible, the final physical
position specified for the corresponding dummies for each test.
(a) If a manufacturer decides to certify a vehicle using a human
being for a test of the passenger automatic suppression, it shall use
humans for the entire series of tests, e.g., 3-year-old children for
each test of the system involving 3-year-old test dummies. If a
manufacturer decides to certify a vehicle using a test dummy for a test
of the system, it shall use test dummies for the entire series of tests,
e.g., a Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy for each test of the system
involving 3-year-old child test dummies.
(b) For S19.2, instead of using the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart R 12-
month-old child dummy, a human child who weighs between 8.2 and 9.1 kg
(18 and 20 lb), and who is between 61 and 66 cm (24 and 26 in) tall may
be used.
(c) For S19.2, instead of using the 49 CFR Part 572 Subpart K
newborn infant dummy, a human child who weighs between 8.2 and 9.1 kg
(18 and 20 lb), and who is between 61 and 66 cm (24 and 26 in) tall may
be used.
(d) For S21.2 and S21.5.1, instead of using the 49 CFR Part 572
Subpart P 3-year-old child dummy, a human child who weighs between 13.4
and 18 kg (29.5 and 39.5 lb), and who is between 89 and 99 cm (35 and 39
in) tall may be used.
(e) For S23.2 and S23.5.1, instead of using the 49 CFR Part 572
Subpart N 6-year-old child dummy, a human child who weighs between 21
and 25.6 kg (46.5 and 56.5 lb), and who is between 114 and 124.5 cm (45
and 49 in) tall may be used.
(f) For S19.2, S21.2, and S23.2, instead of using the 49 CFR Part
572 Subpart O 5th percentile adult female test dummy, a female who
weighs between 46.7 and 51.25 kg (103 and 113 lb), and who is between
139.7 and 150 cm (55 and 59 in) tall may be used.
S29.2 Human beings shall be dressed in a cotton T-shirt, full length
cotton trousers, and sneakers. Specified weights and heights include
clothing.
S29.3 A manufacturer exercising this option shall upon request:
(a) Provide NHTSA with a method to deactivate the air bag during
compliance testing under S20.2, S20.3, S22.2, S22.3, S24.2, and S24.3,
and identify any parts or equipment necessary for deactivation; such
assurance may be made by removing the air bag; and
(b) Provide NHTSA with a method to assure that the same test results
would
[[Page 659]]
be obtained if the air bag were not deactivated.
Figures to Sec. 571.208
Figure 1. [Reserved]
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Appendix A to Sec. 571.208--Selection of Child Restraint Systems
A. The following car bed, manufactured on or after December 1, 1999,
may be used by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to
test the suppression system of a vehicle that is manufactured on or
after the effective date specified in the table below and that has been
certified as being in compliance with 49 CFR 571.208 S19:
[[Page 671]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective and termination dates
------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 17, 2002 September 1, 2004.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cosco Dream Ride 02-719................ Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Any of the following rear facing child restraint systems,
manufactured on or after December 1, 1999, may be used by the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration to test the suppression system of
a vehicle that is manufactured on or after the effective date and prior
to the termination date specified in the table below and that has been
certified as being in compliance with 49 CFR 571.208 S19. When the
restraint system comes equipped with a removable base, the test may be
run either with the base attached or without the base.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective and termination dates
------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 17, 2002 September 1, 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Britax Handle with Care 191............ Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Century Assura 4553.................... Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Century Avanta SE 41530................ Effective.......................... Terminated.
Century Smart Fit 4543................. Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Cosco Arriva 02727..................... Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Cosco Opus 35 02603.................... Effective.......................... Terminated.
Evenflo Discovery Adjust Right 212..... Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Evenflo First Choice 204............... Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Evenflo On My Way Position Right V 282. Effective.......................... Terminated.
Graco Infant 8457...................... Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. Any of the following forward facing toddler and forward-facing
convertible child restraint systems, manufactured on or after December
1, 1999, may be used by the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration to test the suppression system of a vehicle that is
manufactured on or after the effective date and prior to the termination
date specified in the table below and that has been certified as being
in compliance with 49 CFR 571.208 S19, or S21. (Note: Any child
restraint listed in this subpart that is not recommended for use in a
rear-facing position by its manufacturer is excluded from use in testing
in a rear-facing configuration under S20.2.1.1(a)).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective and termination dates
---------------------------------------
January 17, 2002 September 1, 2008
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Britax Roundabout 161........... Effective......... Remains Effective.
Britax Expressway............... .................. Effective.
Century Encore 4612............. Effective......... Remains Effective.
Century STE 1000 4416........... Effective......... Remains Effective.
Cosco Olympian 02803............ Effective......... Remains Effective.
Cosco Touriva 02519............. Effective......... Remains Effective.
Evenflo Horizon V 425........... Effective......... Remains Effective.
Evenflo Medallion 254........... Effective......... Remains Effective.
Safety 1st Comfort Ride 22-400.. .................. Effective.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Any of the following forward-facing toddler/belt positioning
booster systems and belt positioning booster systems, manufactured on or
after December 1, 1999, may be used by the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration as test devices to test the suppression system of
a vehicle that is manufactured on or after the effective date and prior
to the termination date specified in the table below and that has been
certified as being in compliance with 49 CFR 571.208 S21 or S23:
[[Page 672]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective and termination dates
------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 17, 2002 September 1, 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Britax Roadster 9004................... Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Century Next Step 4920................. Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Cosco High Back Booster 02-442......... Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
Evenflo Right Fit 245.................. Effective.......................... Remains Effective.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24JY07.000
[[Page 673]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR24JY07.001
[36 FR 22902, Dec. 2, 1971]
Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec.
571.208, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.